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===DOC & The Association of National Advertisers===

===DOC & The Association of National Advertisers===

In September 2012, the [[ANA|Association of National Advertisers]] (ANA) warned the [[DOC|US Department of Commerce]] (DOC) of the threats of not regulating ICANN's newly implemented [[TLD]]s or adopting a "Do Not Sell" registry.

In September 2012, the [[ANA|Association of National Advertisers]] (ANA) warned the DOC of the threats of not regulating ICANN's newly implemented [[TLD]]s and of not adopting a "Do Not Sell" registry.

[[Dan Jaffe]], ANA Group Executive Vice President, noted in a letter, "The Internet community is on the verge of a [TLD] tsunami which will create a huge wave of risk for both businesses and consumers... [there will be] explosive growth in secondary domains (those domains to the left of the dot in Internet addresses). We believe it is critical that the DOC push for a comprehensive protection system that includes both a Do Not Sell registry and strong Rights Protection Mechanisms (RPMs)."<ref name="marketingvox">[http://www.marketingvox.com/ana-warns-commerce-department-about-top-level-domain-tsunami-051580/ ANA Warns Commerce Department About "Top-Level Domain Tsunami"], MarketingVox.com. Published 28 September 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</ref>

[[Dan Jaffe]], ANA Group Executive Vice President, noted in a letter, "The Internet community is on the verge of a [TLD] tsunami which will create a huge wave of risk for both businesses and consumers... [there will be] explosive growth in secondary domains (those domains to the left of the dot in Internet addresses). We believe it is critical that the DOC push for a comprehensive protection system that includes both a Do Not Sell registry and strong Rights Protection Mechanisms (RPMs)."<ref name="marketingvox">[http://www.marketingvox.com/ana-warns-commerce-department-about-top-level-domain-tsunami-051580/ ANA Warns Commerce Department About "Top-Level Domain Tsunami"], MarketingVox.com. Published 28 September 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</ref>

The ANA emphasize that due to the high number of TLDs to be unveiled by ICANN's [[new gTLD Program]], policing TLDs on one-by-one basis will be difficult, and that taking precautions beforehand will be an important step in preventing future [[cybersquatting]] and fraud difficulties. Cited difficulties include the fraudulent use of brand names in secondary domains when the generic domain is [[.sucks]], or single company ownership of generic domains -- such as if L'Oreal owned [[.hair]], [[.makeup]], or [[.beauty]].<ref name="marketingvox"></ref>

ANA emphasizes that due to the high number of TLDs to be unveiled by ICANN's [[new gTLD Program]], policing TLDs on one-by-one basis will be difficult, and that taking precautions beforehand will be an important step in preventing future [[cybersquatting]] and fraud difficulties. Cited difficulties include the fraudulent use of brand names in secondary domains -- such as when any brand name is paired with the generic domain [[.sucks]] -- or single company ownership of generic domains -- such as if L'Oreal owned [[.hair]], [[.makeup]], or [[.beauty]].<ref name="marketingvox"></ref>

Continues Jaffe,  "The cost to companies that want to defensively register domains at the second level could mount easily into the multi-millions of dollars. The costs of defensive registrations also could be economically unfeasible for small and medium sized companies that will face enhanced risks of cybersquatting, typosquatting and phishing in the expanding top level domain universe."<ref name="marketingvox"></ref>], ntia.doc.gov.</ref>

Continued Jaffe,  "The cost to companies that want to defensively register domains at the second level could mount easily into the multi-millions of dollars. The costs of defensive registrations also could be economically unfeasible for small and medium sized companies that will face enhanced risks of cybersquatting, typosquatting and phishing in the expanding top level domain universe."<ref name="marketingvox"></ref>], ntia.doc.gov.</ref>

The DOC and ICANN also have a contract between them wherein they carry out the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority ([[IANA]]) functions together. The National Telecommunications and Information Administration ([[NTIA]]) have been assigned the responsibility of overlooking both these agreements on behalf of the DOC.<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/comments/2008/ICANN_080730.html ntia.doc.gov]</ref> According to [[Carlos Afonso]], a former member of ICANN’s Generic Names Supporting Organization ([[GNSO]]), which represents the non-commercial users<ref>[http://vecam.org/spip.php?page=auteur&id_auteur=222&lang=en&nemo=edm vecam.org]</ref>, formal relation between ICANN and the DOC is such that ICANN works as an incumbent or concessionaire and is subject to regulation by the US Federal Government.<ref>[http://vecam.org/article533.html Internet Governance], vecam.org.</ref>

The DOC and ICANN also have a contract between them wherein they carry out the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority ([[IANA]]) functions together. The National Telecommunications and Information Administration ([[NTIA]]) have been assigned the responsibility of overlooking both these agreements on behalf of the DOC.<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/comments/2008/ICANN_080730.html ntia.doc.gov]</ref> According to [[Carlos Afonso]], a former member of ICANN’s Generic Names Supporting Organization ([[GNSO]]), which represents the non-commercial users<ref>[http://vecam.org/spip.php?page=auteur&id_auteur=222&lang=en&nemo=edm vecam.org]</ref>, formal relation between ICANN and the DOC is such that ICANN works as an incumbent or concessionaire and is subject to regulation by the US Federal Government.<ref>[http://vecam.org/article533.html Internet Governance], vecam.org.</ref>