Changes

===Call for Management Change===

===Call for Management Change===

The main purpose of the White Paper is to create a new corporation that will manage the internet domain names and IP addresses. In 1992, the US government authorize the National Science Foundation ([[NSF]]) to manage the DNS system, however the internet community expressed a widespread dissatisfaction to its management style which led to a call for change. The issues raised by the internet community include:<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/domainname/6_5_98dns.htm Reasons for Change]</ref>

The main purpose of the White Paper is to create a new corporation that will manage the internet domain names and IP addresses. In 1992, the US government authorize the [[NSF|National Science Foundation]] to manage the DNS system, however the Internet community expressed a widespread dissatisfaction to its management style, which led to a call for change. The issues raised by the internet community include:<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/domainname/6_5_98dns.htm Reasons for Change]</ref>

* Lack of Competition in domain name registrations.

* Lack of Competition in domain name registrations.

* Conflicts between trademark holders and domain name holders became common and the ways in solving the issues are complicated and expensive.

* Conflicts between trademark holders and domain name holders became common and the ways in solving the issues are complicated and expensive.

* Commercial internet stake holders are calling for the successful growth of the industry and for more formal an robust management structure.

* Commercial internet stakeholders calling for the successful growth of the industry and for more formal and robust management structure.

* The global use of internet is increasing rapidly and international internet stake holders expressed their interest to participate in coordinating internet development.

* The global use of internet is increasing rapidly and international internet stakeholders expressed their interest to participate in coordinating internet development.

* The commercial value of internet names are growing and the decision to add new top-level domains cannot be made on an ad hoc committee by entities or individuals that are not formally accountable to the Internet community.

* The commercial value of internet names are growing and the decision to add new top-level domains cannot be made on an ad hoc committee by entities or individuals that are not formally accountable to the Internet community.

* The US government find that it is less appropriate for the US research agencies to directly supervise and provide funding since the internet is increasingly becoming commercial.

* It is inappropriate for the US research agencies to directly supervise and provide funding since the internet is increasingly becoming commercial.

===Key Principles in Establishing a New Corporation===

===Key Principles in Establishing a New Corporation===

The establishment of a new corporation to manage the internet domain names and IP addresses will follow the four core principles laid out by the White paper. These key principles include:<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/domainname/6_5_98dns.htm Key Principles]</ref>

The establishment of a new corporation to manage the internet domain names and IP addresses was to follow the four core principles laid out by the White paper. These key principles include:<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/domainname/6_5_98dns.htm Key Principles]</ref>

# '''Competition'''-The management of internet should be driven consumer choice and market mechanism the support and promote competition

# '''Competition'''-The management of internet should be driven consumer choice and market mechanism the support and promote competition

# '''Stability'''- The corporation who will manage the internet should maintain and prioritize the security and stability of the Domain Name System ([[DNS]]).

# '''Stability'''- The corporation who will manage the internet should maintain and prioritize the security and stability of the Domain Name System.

# '''Private Bottom-Up Coordination'''- The management of the DNS should maintain transparency and accountability.

# '''Private Bottom-Up Coordination'''- The management of the DNS should maintain transparency and accountability.

# '''Representation''' The management of the new corporation should benefit the whole internet community at it should ensure geographical representation and international participation in its activities and decision-making process.

# '''Representation''' The management of the new corporation should benefit the whole internet community at it should ensure geographical representation and international participation in its activities and decision-making process.

==Response to the White Paper==

==Response to the White Paper==

The global internet community responded to the White Paper which led to the creation of the ICANN which entered into a memorandum of Agreement with the Department of Commerce to coordinate the development, structure and testing of the mechanisms and processes needed in management transfer of the DNS to the private sector. ICANN was officially incorporated in 1998.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/general/articles.htm Articles of Incorporation]</ref>

The White Paper led to the creation of ICANN, which entered into a [[MoU|Memorandum of Understanding]] with the Department of Commerce to coordinate the development, structure and testing of the mechanisms and processes needed in management transfer of the DNS to the private sector. ICANN was officially incorporated in 1998.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/general/articles.htm Articles of Incorporation]</ref>

==References==

==References==