.by
| ccTLD | |
|---|---|
| Type | ccTLD |
| Status | Active |
| Region | EUR |
| Country |
|
| Implemented | May 10, 1994 |
| Registry | Belarusian Cloud Technologies LLC |
| Website | |
.by is the ccTLD for Belarus. The code originates from the ISO code for Byelorussia, the former name of the country. It is managed by Belarusian Cloud Technologies LLC.[1]
Delegation History[edit | edit source]
The .by TLD was initially delegated in 1994 to Open Contact Ltd.
In October 1999, the management of .by was transferred to the State Centre of Security Information of Belarus.
In 2008, in accordance with Presidential Decree No. 229, the State Centre of Security Information ceased to exist and was replaced by the Operational and Analytical Center (OAC). Based on the decree, all the rights and duties of the previous entity were assumed by OAC.
In March 2009, management of .by was transferred back to Open Contact Ltd. and OAC was designated as its administrative contact.
On February 1, 2010, named OAC the authorized government body for Internet security. On June 18, 2010, OAC issued Executive Order No. 47, "Instruction on the Registration of Domain Names in the National Domain Zone," giving itself the responsibility for appointing the "technical administrator of the national domain zone."
In 2012, the management of .by was transferred to Reliable Software, Inc., the organization selected by OAC to be the "technical administrator of the national domain zone". In 2015, the IDN ccTLD for Belarus, .бел, was also delegated to them.
On August 25, 2021, OAC issued Order No. 138, "On Administration of the National Domain Zone," and appointed Belarusian Cloud Technologies LLC (beCloud) as the new “technical administrator of the national domain zone”, effective 1 January 2022.
On December 29, 2021, beCloud LLC. initiated a transfer request for the .by and .бел TLDs.[2]
Rules and Restrictions[edit | edit source]
- To register a domain in the national domain zone, the applicant enters into an agreement with the registrar for the domain name registration (hereinafter - the registration agreement).
- Registration agreements with applicants - legal entities of the Republic of Belarus, individual entrepreneurs of the Republic of Belarus, as well as individuals permanently residing in the Republic of Belarus, are concluded and executed directly by the registrar.
- The registrar, taking into account the legislation requirements, has the right to instruct foreign legal entities to enter into agreements that provide registration of domain names in the national domain zone with respect to non-resident applicants. The rights and obligations under such agreements concluded on behalf of the registrar by a foreign legal entity must arise directly with the registrar.
- A domain name is not subject to the registration if it contains a combination of letters, numbers, symbols and (or) words (phrases) that do not comply with generally accepted moral and ethical standards, incite social, national, religious and race hatred, encourage violence, cruelty and other acts prohibited by law.
- The applicant should avoid the names that are identical or similar to the degree of confusion with the titles of the registered means of individualization of the participants of civil transactions, goods (works or services), if the applicant is not a holder of the right for a brand name, a trademark or a service mark owner, or a person having the right to use the geographical indication.[3]
Characters[edit | edit source]
A domain name in the “.by” domain zone must contain at least two and no more than sixty-three letters of the Latin alphabet, numbers, symbols, “hyphen” (“-”), and must not begin or end with the “hyphen” (“-“) symbol, and also must not contain the “hyphen” (“-“) symbol in the 3rd and 4th positions simultaneously.[3]
References[edit | edit source]
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