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{{Glossary|

{{Glossary|

|note  = This article is neutral, but is [[Sponsorship|sponsored]] by [[Iron Mountain]].<br/>Iron Mountain is an information & intellectual property<br/>management company and data escrow provider.<br/>You can read more about their services [http://www.ironmountain.com/ here].

|note  = This article is neutral, but is [[Sponsorship|sponsored]] by [[Iron Mountain]].<br/>Iron Mountain is an information & intellectual property<br/>management company and data escrow provider.<br/>You can read more about their services [http://www.ironmountain.com/ here].

The '''Generic Names Supporting Organization'''  (GNSO) brings together smaller stakeholder groups, which in turn bring together [[Constituency|constituencies]] and other groups,  together into one [[SO|Supporting Organization]] to develop policies, form consensus, and make recommendations related to [[gTLD]]s to the [[ICANN Board]].<ref>[http://gnso.icann.org/ GNSO.ICANN.org]</ref> This body was previously known as the [[Domain Name Supporting Organization]] (DNSO), which it replaced in 2003.

The '''Generic Names Supporting Organization'''  (GNSO) brings together smaller stakeholder groups, which in turn bring together [[Constituency|constituencies]] and other groups,  together into one [[SO|Supporting Organization]] to develop policies, form consensus, and make recommendations related to [[gTLD]]s to the [[ICANN Board]].<ref>[http://gnso.icann.org/ GNSO.ICANN.org]</ref> This body was previously known as the [[Domain Name Supporting Organization]] (DNSO), which it replaced in 2003.

==Overview==

==Overview== <!--T:3-->

The main objective of the GNSO is to keep [[gTLD]]s operating in a fair and orderly manner across the Internet, while promoting innovation and competition.  Some examples of the types of issues that the GNSO face are:

The main objective of the GNSO is to keep [[gTLD]]s operating in a fair and orderly manner across the Internet, while promoting innovation and competition.  Some examples of the types of issues that the GNSO face are:

* If the registrant forgets to renew the domain name, and lets it to expires, how can the domain name be recovered?

* If the registrant forgets to renew the domain name, and lets it to expires, how can the domain name be recovered?

* What happens if someone registers a domain name that is very similar to another domain name?

* What happens if someone registers a domain name that is very similar to another domain name?

===Stakeholder Groups/Constituencies===

===Stakeholder Groups/Constituencies=== <!--T:4-->

Four [[SG|Stakeholder Groups]] appoint 18 individuals to the GNSO council. Two appointments are also made by the [[NomCom|ICANN's Nominating Committee]]. Certain Stakeholder groups, like the commercial one, also delegate appointments to their [[Constituency|constituencies]].

Four [[SG|Stakeholder Groups]] appoint 18 individuals to the GNSO council. Two appointments are also made by the [[NomCom|ICANN's Nominating Committee]]. Certain Stakeholder groups, like the commercial one, also delegate appointments to their [[Constituency|constituencies]].

* [[Non-Commercial Users Stakeholder Group]], 6 appointments

* [[Non-Commercial Users Stakeholder Group]], 6 appointments

* [[Registry Stakeholder Group]], 3 appointments

* [[Registry Stakeholder Group]], 3 appointments

==GNSO Council==

==GNSO Council== <!--T:5-->

The GNSO Council consists of 22 members, 20 of which are full voting members; they come from a variety of different regions and represent the aforementioned [[SG|Stakeholder Groups]] and Constituencies involved in [[ICANN]]'s multi-stakeholder model.  [[Jonathan Robinson]] is its current chair.  

The GNSO Council consists of 22 members, 20 of which are full voting members; they come from a variety of different regions and represent the aforementioned [[SG|Stakeholder Groups]] and Constituencies involved in [[ICANN]]'s multi-stakeholder model.  [[Jonathan Robinson]] is its current chair.  

Members Include:

Members Include:

==='''[[Contracted Parties House]]'''===

==='''[[Contracted Parties House]]'''=== <!--T:7-->

====[[Registry Stakeholder Group]]====

====[[Registry Stakeholder Group]]====

* [[Bret Fausett]], North America, (December 2010 - [[Annual Meeting]] 2016)  

* [[Bret Fausett]], North America, (December 2010 - [[Annual Meeting]] 2016)  

* [[Donna Austin]], Asia/Pacific, (Term ends at [[Annual Meeting]] 2016)

* [[Donna Austin]], Asia/Pacific, (Term ends at [[Annual Meeting]] 2016)

====[[Registrar Stakeholder Group]]====

====[[Registrar Stakeholder Group]]==== <!--T:8-->

* [[James Bladel]], North America (term ends [[Annual Meeting|AGM]] 2015)

* [[James Bladel]], North America (term ends [[Annual Meeting|AGM]] 2015)

* [[Volker Greimann]], Europe (term ends after 2016 [[Annual Meeting]]) '''Vice-Chair'''

* [[Volker Greimann]], Europe (term ends after 2016 [[Annual Meeting]]) '''Vice-Chair'''

* [[Yoav Keren]], Asia Pacific (term ends [[Annual Meeting|AGM]] 2016)

* [[Yoav Keren]], Asia Pacific (term ends [[Annual Meeting|AGM]] 2016)

====[[NomCom|Nominating Committee]] Appointee (Voting)====

====[[NomCom|Nominating Committee]] Appointee (Voting)==== <!--T:9-->

* [[Thomas Rickert]], (Germany)

* [[Thomas Rickert]], (Germany)

==='''[[Non-Contracted Parties House]]'''===

==='''[[Non-Contracted Parties House]]'''=== <!--T:10-->

====[[Commercial Stakeholder Group]]====

====[[Commercial Stakeholder Group]]====

'''Commercial and Business Users - [[BC|Business Constituency]]'''

'''Commercial and Business Users - [[BC|Business Constituency]]'''

* [[Osvaldo Novoa]], (Latin America/Caribbean, Term ends at [[Annual Meeting]] 2015)

* [[Osvaldo Novoa]], (Latin America/Caribbean, Term ends at [[Annual Meeting]] 2015)

====[[NCSG| Non-Commercial Stakeholder Group]]====

====[[NCSG| Non-Commercial Stakeholder Group]]==== <!--T:11-->

* [[Stephanie Perrin]], (North America) term ends at [[Annual Meeting|AGM]] 2016

* [[Stephanie Perrin]], (North America) term ends at [[Annual Meeting|AGM]] 2016

* [[Edward Morris]], (North America) term ends at [[Annual Meeting|AGM]] 2016

* [[Edward Morris]], (North America) term ends at [[Annual Meeting|AGM]] 2016

* [[Amr Elsadr]], (Africa) term ends at [[Annual Meeting|AGM]] 2015

* [[Amr Elsadr]], (Africa) term ends at [[Annual Meeting|AGM]] 2015

====[[NomCom|Nominating Committee]] Appointee (Voting)====

====[[NomCom|Nominating Committee]] Appointee (Voting)==== <!--T:12-->

* [[Daniel Reed]] (NA)

* [[Daniel Reed]] (NA)

===Observers & Liaisons===

===Observers & Liaisons=== <!--T:13-->

* [[Patrick Myles]] is the [[ccNSO]] liaison, and is not counted as a member and is non-voting.

* [[Patrick Myles]] is the [[ccNSO]] liaison, and is not counted as a member and is non-voting.

* [[Cheryl Langdon-Orr]] is the [[ALAC]] liaison, he is counted as a member but is non-voting.

* [[Cheryl Langdon-Orr]] is the [[ALAC]] liaison, he is counted as a member but is non-voting.

* [[Jennifer Wolfe]], NomCom Appointee (non-voting) not affiliated with the Contracted Parties House or the Non-Contracted Parties House.<ref>[http://gnso.icann.org/en/about/gnso-council.htm GNSO Council, ICANN.org] Retrieved 04 Dec 2013</ref>

* [[Jennifer Wolfe]], NomCom Appointee (non-voting) not affiliated with the Contracted Parties House or the Non-Contracted Parties House.<ref>[http://gnso.icann.org/en/about/gnso-council.htm GNSO Council, ICANN.org] Retrieved 04 Dec 2013</ref>

==GNSO Development Process==

==GNSO Development Process== <!--T:14-->

The GNSO is the primary engine within the [[ICANN]] community for developing, recommending changes, and making modifications to [[gTLD|generic top-level domain]] policies. The GNSO aims to identify ways to improve the inclusiveness and representativeness of its work while increasing its effectiveness and efficiency.

The GNSO is the primary engine within the [[ICANN]] community for developing, recommending changes, and making modifications to [[gTLD|generic top-level domain]] policies. The GNSO aims to identify ways to improve the inclusiveness and representativeness of its work while increasing its effectiveness and efficiency.

An important GNSO improvement was the development of recommendations for the new GNSO policy development process. The ICANN Board launched a set of recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the GNSO in June, 2008. These recommendations were related to GNSO activities, operations and structure.

An important GNSO improvement was the development of recommendations for the new GNSO policy development process. The ICANN Board launched a set of recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the GNSO in June, 2008. These recommendations were related to GNSO activities, operations and structure.

===GNSO Improvements===

===GNSO Improvements=== <!--T:16-->

The main areas of GNSO improvements which were approved by the Board, and are being implemented by the GNSO, are classified into five main categories:

The main areas of GNSO improvements which were approved by the Board, and are being implemented by the GNSO, are classified into five main categories:

# The creation of a Working Group Model

# The creation of a Working Group Model

# Improving constituency procedures <ref>[http://gnso.icann.org/en/improvements/ GNSO improvements]</ref>

# Improving constituency procedures <ref>[http://gnso.icann.org/en/improvements/ GNSO improvements]</ref>

==Implementation of URS==

==Implementation of URS== <!--T:17-->

In September 2012, ICANN senior executive [[Kurt Pritz]] sent a public email to [[GNSO]] Council Chairman [[Stephane Van Gelder]] advising him that URS implementation could begin after a year of delay. Implementing URS included a pair of open meetings in Fall 2012, including one at [[ICANN 45]] in Toronto. ICANN acknowledged the role played by the GNSO Council in developing and approving the model and said they were willing to "work in whichever way the GNSO wishes to proceed".<ref>[http://internetcommerce.org/URS_Implementation URS Implementation Finally to Commence Under GNSO Direction]. Internet Commerce Association. Published 2012 September 20.</ref>

In September 2012, ICANN senior executive [[Kurt Pritz]] sent a public email to [[GNSO]] Council Chairman [[Stephane Van Gelder]] advising him that URS implementation could begin after a year of delay. Implementing URS included a pair of open meetings in Fall 2012, including one at [[ICANN 45]] in Toronto. ICANN acknowledged the role played by the GNSO Council in developing and approving the model and said they were willing to "work in whichever way the GNSO wishes to proceed".<ref>[http://internetcommerce.org/URS_Implementation URS Implementation Finally to Commence Under GNSO Direction]. Internet Commerce Association. Published 2012 September 20.</ref>

==ICANN Supporting Organizations==

==ICANN Supporting Organizations== <!--T:18-->

Apart from GNSO, there are other [[SO]]'s (supporting organizations) and advisory committees which help [[ICANN]] to fulfill its objectives. They include:

Apart from GNSO, there are other [[SO]]'s (supporting organizations) and advisory committees which help [[ICANN]] to fulfill its objectives. They include:

* [[ASO|Address Supporting Organization]] (ASO)  

* [[ASO|Address Supporting Organization]] (ASO)  

* [[ccNSO|Country Code Domain Name Supporting Organization]] (ccNSO)

* [[ccNSO|Country Code Domain Name Supporting Organization]] (ccNSO)