Changes

==ICANN Requirements==

==ICANN Requirements==

Up until the 2013, privacy and proxy services fell outside the scope of the [[Registrar Accreditation Agreement|Registry Accreditation Agreements]] (RAA). The 2001 and 2009 RAAs

Up until the 2013, privacy and proxy services fell outside the scope of the [[Registrar Accreditation Agreement|Registry Accreditation Agreements]] (RAA).

The 2013 RAA requires that privacy and proxy service providers:

The 2013 RAA requires that privacy and proxy service providers:

==Origin of Private Domain Services==

==Origin of Private Domain Services==

The public [[WHOIS]] database was created so that parties of domain related disputes could be identified. However, the database naturally attracts data miners, that use the listed information for illegal or unethical purposes. Registering a domain by proxy prevents registrants' information from being subject to scammers, spammers, telemarketers, and other questionable practices.<ref>[http://www.actnowdomains.com/the-privacy-conundrum-in-domain-registration.htm The Privacy Conundrum in Domain Registration]</ref>  

The public [[WHOIS]] database was created in the early 1980s, before [[ARPANET]] had become the internet we know today. It was originally intended to be used as a directory service for resolving technical issues with ARPANET.<ref>David Lindsay, International Domain Name Law: ICANN and the UDRP, Hart Publishing, 2007</ref> While the primary use of WHOIS has shifted to become commercial in nature, the protocols have remained relatively unchanged.<ref>[http://whois.icann.org/en/history-whois WHOIS History]</ref>

 

When the internet gained popularity, WHOIS became a service used by law enforcement, companies seeking to protect intellectual property and individuals trying to contact registrants with interest in purchasing their domains. While these uses may seem reasonable, the database also attracts data miners, that use the listed information for unethical, or even illegal purposes.<ref>[http://www.actnowdomains.com/the-privacy-conundrum-in-domain-registration.htm The Privacy Conundrum in Domain Registration]</ref>  

 

==Negative Aspects of Private Domains==

==Negative Aspects of Private Domains==