Changes

===[[New gTLD Program]] Mechanisms: 2009-2014===

===[[New gTLD Program]] Mechanisms: 2009-2014===

As part of the New gTLD Program, ICANN introduced a variety of rights protection mechanisms to address specific concerns of rights holders and advisory committees, as well as to comply with international law and treaties. Work on intellectual property issues began in 2009, when ICANN assembled a  

As part of the New gTLD Program, ICANN introduced a variety of rights protection mechanisms to address specific concerns of rights holders and advisory committees, as well as to comply with international law and treaties. Work on intellectual property issues began in 2009, when ICANN assembled a team of

====International Nongovernmental Organizations (INGO) Claims Notification====

====International Nongovernmental Organizations (INGO) Claims Notification====

As part of its Protection of IGO and INGO Identifiers in All gTLDs Policy,<ref name="ingo">[https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/igo-ingo-protection-policy-2020-02-18-en ICANN.org - Protection of IGO & INGO Identifiers in all gTLDs Policy]</ref> the names of the Red Cross & Red Crescent, as well as the name of and common terms associated with the International Olympic Committee are reserved at the second level across all gTLDs.<ref name="reserved">[https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/packages/reserved-names/ReservedNames.xml#red-cross2 ICANN.org - Reserved Names]</ref> The emblems of the Red Cross & Red Crescent are protected internationally by the 1949 Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols.<ref>[https://www.icrc.org/en/copyright-and-terms-use International Red Cross - Copyright]</ref> The marks and names of the International Olympic Committee are protected by the Nairobi Treaty on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol, national mandates, and traditional trademark registration.<ref>[https://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2012/03/article_0003.html WIPO Magazine - The Olympic Properties]</ref>  

As part of its Protection of IGO and INGO Identifiers in All gTLDs Policy,<ref name="ingo">[https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/igo-ingo-protection-policy-2020-02-18-en ICANN.org - Protection of IGO & INGO Identifiers in all gTLDs Policy]</ref> the names of the Red Cross & Red Crescent, as well as the name of and common terms associated with the International Olympic Committee are reserved at the second level across all gTLDs.<ref name="reserved">[https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/packages/reserved-names/ReservedNames.xml#red-cross2 ICANN.org - Reserved Names]</ref> The emblems of the Red Cross & Red Crescent are protected internationally by the 1949 Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols.<ref>[https://www.icrc.org/en/copyright-and-terms-use International Red Cross - Copyright]</ref> The marks and names of the International Olympic Committee are protected by the Nairobi Treaty on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol, national mandates, and traditional trademark registration.<ref>[https://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2012/03/article_0003.html WIPO Magazine - The Olympic Properties]</ref>  

In addition, the names and acronyms of many international nongovernmental organizations were subject to a claims notification process across all new gTLDs.<ref name="ingo" /> Attempts to register a domain that matched a label on the INGO identifier list<ref>For a downloadable XML list of INGO identifiers, see [https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/ingo-identifier-list-2018-01-16-en ICANN's INGO Identifier List]</ref> were met with a notice that the registrant may or may not have rights to register the name. Such an attempt also triggered a notification to the INGO in question. The Claims Notification process was designed to assist INGOs in protecting their rights during an initial launch period for registration within a new gTLD. The idea was for registries to conform to a specific "Claim System Specification."<ref name="ingo" /> However, as of March 2021, no Claims System Specification is listed as having been adopted.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/ingo-claims-system-specification-2018-01-16-en ICANN.org - INGO Claims System Specification]</ref>

In addition, the names and acronyms of many international nongovernmental organizations were subject to a claims notification process across all new gTLDs.<ref name="ingo" /> Attempts to register a domain that matched a label on the INGO identifier list<ref>For a downloadable XML list of INGO identifiers, see [https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/ingo-identifier-list-2018-01-16-en ICANN's INGO Identifier List]</ref> were met with a notice that the registrant may or may not have rights to register the name. Such an attempt also triggered a notification to the INGO in question. The Claims Notification process was designed to assist INGOs in protecting their rights during an initial launch period for registration within a new gTLD. The idea was for registries to conform to a specific "Claim System Specification."<ref name="ingo" /> The board approved this procedure in 2014, but only for the full names of INGOs.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/resources/board-material/resolutions-2014-04-30-en#2.a ICANN Board Resolution], April 30, 2014</ref> The GNSO did not recommend reserving or protecting the acronyms of INGOs, as no such protection was sought.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/groups/board/documents/resolutions-annex-a-30apr14-en.pdf Annex A to the ICANN Board's April 30th, 2014 resolution approving GNSO recommendations (PDF)]</ref>

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