Changes

==Reasons Alternative Root Projects Have Developed==

==Reasons Alternative Root Projects Have Developed==

==Limit the Flow of Information==

===To Limit the Flow of Information===

* Russia and China are working on alternative root projects to have more control over their citizens' use of and exposure to the internet.  

* Russia and China are working on alternative root projects to have more control over their citizens' use of and exposure to the internet.<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/russia-moves-toward-creation-of-an-independent-internet/a-42172902 Russia Moves Toward Creation of an Independent Internet, DW]</ref>

===Against Inefficiency and Abuses of Power===

===Against Inefficiency and Abuses of Power===

* In September 2001, [[Milton Mueller]] concluded that "competition among DNS roots should be permitted and is a healthy outlet for inefficiency or abuses of power by the dominant root administrator."<ref>[https://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0109021 Competing DNS Roots: Creative Destruction or Just Plain Destruction?, Computers and Society]</ref>

* In September 2001, [[Milton Mueller]] concluded that "competition among DNS roots should be permitted and is a healthy outlet for inefficiency or abuses of power by the dominant root administrator."<ref>[https://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0109021 Competing DNS Roots: Creative Destruction or Just Plain Destruction?, Computers and Society]</ref>

* Bottleneck in domain name industry due to ICANN's glacial pace of delegating new TLDs especially in its early years.<ref>[https://www.internetgovernance.org/2016/04/07/alternate-dns-roots-and-the-abominable-snowman-of-sovereignty/ Alternate DNS Roots and the Abominable Snowman of Sovereignty, IGP]</ref>

* There was a bottleneck in the domain name industry due to ICANN's glacial pace of delegating new TLDs especially in its early years.<ref>[https://www.internetgovernance.org/2016/04/07/alternate-dns-roots-and-the-abominable-snowman-of-sovereignty/ Alternate DNS Roots and the Abominable Snowman of Sovereignty, IGP]</ref>

* Alternative DNS roots can allow for more democratic control of the Internet.<ref>[Bastick, Zach (2012). "Our Internet and Freedom of Speech 'Hobbled by History': Introducing Plural Control Structures Needed to Redress a Decade of Linear Policy". ''European Commission: European Journal of EPractice'' (15): 97–111]</ref>

* Alternative DNS roots can allow for more democratic control of the Internet.<ref>[Bastick, Zach (2012). "Our Internet and Freedom of Speech 'Hobbled by History': Introducing Plural Control Structures Needed to Redress a Decade of Linear Policy". ''European Commission: European Journal of EPractice'' (15): 97–111]</ref>

===Against Governmental/Intergovernmental Control of the Internet===

===Against Governmental/Intergovernmental Control of the Internet===