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''Are new or Legacy gTLDs experiencing more problems?''
''Are new or Legacy gTLDs experiencing more problems?''
The February 2021 DAAR report indicates the majority (64.8%) of security issues are occurring in legacy [[TLDs]], which comprise 88.8% of resolving gTLD domains in zone files.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/daar-monthly-report-28feb21-en.pdf DAAR monthly report Feb 2021]</ref>
The February 2021 [[DAAR]] report indicates the majority (64.8%) of security issues are occurring in legacy [[TLDs]], which comprise 88.8% of resolving gTLD domains in zone files.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/daar-monthly-report-28feb21-en.pdf DAAR monthly report Feb 2021]</ref>
On January 31, 2022, the [[European Commission]] published a [https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/d9804355-7f22-11ec-8c40-01aa75ed71a1/language-en/format-PDF/source-search Study on DNS Abuse], conducted by Fasano Paulovics Società tra Avvocati and Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble. Its key findings included:<ref>[https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/d9804355-7f22-11ec-8c40-01aa75ed71a1/language-en/format-PDF/source-search Study on DNS Abuse Technical Report Appendix 1, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology (European Commission), Fasano Paulovics Società tra Avvocati, Grenoble INP-UGA Institute of Engineering 2022-01-31]</ref>
# The overall health of [[TLD]]s:
#* nTLDs, 6.6% of the market, are the most abused group of TLDs. In 2021, 20.5% of all abused domain names were registered in new gTLDs. Specifically, the two most abused nTLDs together account for 41% of all nTLD abuse.
#* EU ccTLDs are the least abused; only 0.8% of all abuse ([[Compromised Domain]]s and [[Malicious Domain]]s) were registered under EU ccTLDs.
# [[Malicious Domain]]s and [[Compromised Domain]]s:
#* Most [[spam]] and [[Botnet Attacks|botnet]] control and command [[domain name]]s are maliciously registered.
#* Almost 25% of [[phishing]] domain names and 41% of [[malware]] are registered by legitimate users. They are compromised at the hosting level and thus cannot be addressed at the [[DNS]] level without collateral damage.
#* 42% of hacked websites occur among more frequently used TLDs. In less-used new gTLDs, hackers directly register domains for malicious activities.
#* [[Registries]] and [[registrars]] can act at the DNS level but not on the hosting infrastructure unless they also offer hosting services.
#* The top five most abused registrars account for 48% of all maliciously registered domain names.
#* Phishers use free subdomain and hosting providers, which do not work well for spammers and botnet C&C activity.
# Adoption of [[DNSSEC]] and mail protection protocols:
#* DNSSEC adoption remains low. Of 227 million domain names, only 9.4 million meet all required resource records; however, 98% of them are correctly signed and validated.
#* In Europe, [[.cz]] (59%), [[.se]] (55%), [[.nl]] (51%), and [[.sk]] (48%) have the highest adoption of DNSSEC and offer price incentives and technical support.
#* Around the world, 2.5 million open DNS resolvers can be used as amplifiers in [[DDoS Attack]]s.
#* 60% of 247 million domain names do not use SPF and 97% do not use DMARC records to prevent [[Cybercrime|Email Spoofing and Business Email Compromise]] scams
==References==
==References==
[[Category:Practices]]
[[Category:Practices]]