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Line 144: − #* Legacy TLD domains, 53% of the market, comprise almost 49% of DNS abuse. Domains in [[.com]] and [[.net]] TLDs are the most abused. <br/>+ − #* nTLDs, 6.6% of the market, are the most abused group of TLDs in relative terms. In 2021, 20.5% of all abused domain names were registered in new gTLDs. Specifically, the two most abused nTLDs together account for 41% of all nTLD abuse.<br/>+ − #* EU ccTLDs are the least abused; only 0.8% of all abuse ([[Compromised Domain]]s and [[Malicious Domain]]s) were registered under EU ccTLDs. [[.eu]], [[.de]], [[.nl]], [[.fr]], [[.pl]], [[.it]], [[.es]], and [[.be]] account for 76% of all abuse among EU ccTLDs. Abused [[.ru]] and [[.su]] second-level domain names account for 75% of all abused domains among non-EU ccTLDs.+ − #* Most [[spam]] and [[Botnet Attacks|botnet]] control and command [[domain name]]s are maliciously registered.+ − #* 42% of hacked websites occur among more frequently used TLDs. In less-used new gTLDs, hackers directly register domains for malicious activities.+ − #* [[Registries]] and [[registrars]] can act at the DNS level but not on the hosting infrastructure unless they also offer hosting services. + − #* The top five most abused registrars account for 48% of all maliciously registered domain names.+ − #* Almost 25% of [[phishing]] domain names and 41% of [[malware]] are registered by legitimate users. They are compromised at the hosting level and thus cannot be addressed at the [[DNS]] level without collateral damage.+ − #* Phishers use free subdomain and hosting providers, which do not work well for spammers and botnet C&C activity. For phishing abuse, half of the 10 most abused TLDs ([[.ml]], [[.tk]], [[.ga]], [[.cf]], and [[.gq]]) are operated by [[Freenom]].+ − # Adoption of [[DNSSEC]] and mail protection protocols:+ − #* DNSSEC adoption remains low. Of 227 million domain names, only 9.4 million meet all required resource records; however, 98% of them are correctly signed and validated.+ − #* In Europe, [[.cz]] (59%), [[.se]] (55%), [[.nl]] (51%), and [[.sk]] (48%) have the highest adoption of DNSSEC and offer price incentives and technical support. + − #* Around the world, 2.5 million open DNS resolvers can be used as amplifiers in [[DDoS Attack]]s. + − #* 60% of 247 million domain names do not use SPF and 97% do not use DMARC records to prevent [[Cybercrime|Email Spoofing and Business Email Compromise]] scams.
→Progress
''Legacy''<br/>
''Legacy''<br/>
* The February 2021 [[DAAR]] report indicates the majority (64.8%) of security issues are occurring in legacy [[TLDs]], which comprise 88.8% of resolving gTLD domains in zone files.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/daar-monthly-report-28feb21-en.pdf DAAR monthly report Feb 2021]</ref>
* The February 2021 [[DAAR]] report indicates the majority (64.8%) of security issues are occurring in legacy [[TLDs]], which comprise 88.8% of resolving gTLD domains in zone files.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/daar-monthly-report-28feb21-en.pdf DAAR monthly report Feb 2021]</ref>
* Legacy TLD domains, 53% of the market, comprise almost 49% of DNS abuse. Domains in [[.com]] and [[.net]] TLDs are the most abused. <br/>
''nTLDs'' <br/>
''nTLDs'' <br/>
* nTLDs, 6.6% of the market, are the most abused group of TLDs in relative terms. In 2021, 20.5% of all abused domain names were registered in new gTLDs. Specifically, the two most abused nTLDs together account for 41% of all nTLD abuse.<br/>
''among ccTLDs?''<br/>
''among ccTLDs?''<br/>
* EU ccTLDs are the least abused; only 0.8% of all abuse ([[Compromised Domain]]s and [[Malicious Domain]]s) were registered under EU ccTLDs. [[.eu]], [[.de]], [[.nl]], [[.fr]], [[.pl]], [[.it]], [[.es]], and [[.be]] account for 76% of all abuse among EU ccTLDs. Abused [[.ru]] and [[.su]] second-level domain names account for 75% of all abused domains among non-EU ccTLDs.
''Which is more prevalent? Malicious or Compromised Domains?''<br/>
''Which is more prevalent? Malicious or Compromised Domains?''<br/>
''[[Malicious Domain]]s''<br/>
''[[Malicious Domain]]s''<br/>
* Most [[spam]] and [[Botnet Attacks|botnet]] control and command [[domain name]]s are maliciously registered.
* 42% of hacked websites occur among more frequently used TLDs. In less-used new gTLDs, hackers directly register domains for malicious activities.
* [[Registries]] and [[registrars]] can act at the DNS level but not on the hosting infrastructure unless they also offer hosting services.
* The top five most abused registrars account for 48% of all maliciously registered domain names.
'''[[Compromised Domain]]s'''<br/>
'''[[Compromised Domain]]s'''<br/>
* Almost 25% of [[phishing]] domain names and 41% of [[malware]] are registered by legitimate users. They are compromised at the hosting level and thus cannot be addressed at the [[DNS]] level without collateral damage.
* Phishers use free subdomain and hosting providers, which do not work well for spammers and botnet C&C activity. For phishing abuse, half of the 10 most abused TLDs ([[.ml]], [[.tk]], [[.ga]], [[.cf]], and [[.gq]]) are operated by [[Freenom]].
''Adoption of preventative measures?''<br/>
''Adoption of preventative measures?''<br/>
* DNSSEC adoption remains low. Of 227 million domain names, only 9.4 million meet all required resource records; however, 98% of them are correctly signed and validated.
* In Europe, [[.cz]] (59%), [[.se]] (55%), [[.nl]] (51%), and [[.sk]] (48%) have the highest adoption of DNSSEC and offer price incentives and technical support.
* Around the world, 2.5 million open DNS resolvers can be used as amplifiers in [[DDoS Attack]]s.
* 60% of 247 million domain names do not use SPF and 97% do not use DMARC records to prevent [[Cybercrime|Email Spoofing and Business Email Compromise]] scams.
==References==
==References==
[[Category:Practices]]
[[Category:Practices]]