Changes

* EmerDNS: the DNS service offered by Emercoin, a blockchain platform created in 2013 that offers Decentralized Software Development Kits. Rather than using smart contracts, Emercoin uses NVS logic, which is not Turing-complete and cannot be used to write malicious code.<ref>[https://emercoin.com/en/documentation/about-emercoin About Emercoin, Emercoin]</ref>

* EmerDNS: the DNS service offered by Emercoin, a blockchain platform created in 2013 that offers Decentralized Software Development Kits. Rather than using smart contracts, Emercoin uses NVS logic, which is not Turing-complete and cannot be used to write malicious code.<ref>[https://emercoin.com/en/documentation/about-emercoin About Emercoin, Emercoin]</ref>

* Ethereum: an alternative protocol for building decentralized applications, providing a different set of tradeoffs for a large class of decentralized applications, that focuses on situations involving rapid development time, requiring security for small and rarely used applications, and offering wide-ranging, agile interaction. It has an abstract foundational layer: a blockchain with a built-in Turing-complete programming language so that anyone can write smart contracts and decentralized applications with their own arbitrary rules for ownership, transaction formats, and state transition functions.<ref>[https://ethereum.org/en/whitepaper/#alternative-blockchain-applications Alternative Blockchain Applications, Ethereum.org]</ref> The foundation created [[.eth]], then added functionality to work with existing main-root TLDs rather than requiring new extensions.  

* Ethereum Naming Service (ENS): a second-level domain using the Ethereum protocol for building decentralized applications, providing a different set of tradeoffs for a large class of decentralized applications, that focuses on situations involving rapid development time, requiring security for small and rarely used applications, and offering wide-ranging, agile interaction. It has an abstract foundational layer: a blockchain with a built-in Turing-complete programming language so that anyone can write smart contracts and decentralized applications with their own arbitrary rules for ownership, transaction formats, and state transition functions.<ref>[https://ethereum.org/en/whitepaper/#alternative-blockchain-applications Alternative Blockchain Applications, Ethereum.org]</ref> The foundation created [[.eth]], then added functionality to work with existing main-root TLDs rather than requiring new extensions. The IETF has not added .eth to the special use domain name list. As of 28 March 2022, over 800,00013 domains have been created on ENS.<ref>[ https://dune.com/makoto/ens ENS Counter, Dune]</ref>

:: ''Potential Shortcoming'': gas fees (user payments made to compensate for the computing energy required to process and validate transactions on the Ethereum blockchain)<ref>[https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gas-ethereum.asp Understanding Gas in Ethereum, Investopedia]</ref> are required to claim a name or even change your nameserver.<ref>[https://domainnamewire.com/2022/01/13/blockchain-domains-and-the-big-challenges-they-face/ Blockchain Domains' Challenges, DNW]</ref>  

:: ''Potential Shortcoming'': gas fees (user payments made to compensate for the computing energy required to process and validate transactions on the Ethereum blockchain)<ref>[https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gas-ethereum.asp Understanding Gas in Ethereum, Investopedia]</ref> are required to claim a name or even change your nameserver.<ref>[https://domainnamewire.com/2022/01/13/blockchain-domains-and-the-big-challenges-they-face/ Blockchain Domains' Challenges, DNW]</ref>  

* [https://www.iperdome.com/ Iperdome]:

* [https://www.iperdome.com/ Iperdome]:

* Namecoin: created in 2010, the first decentralized name registration database to use the first-to-file paradigm (where the first registerer succeeds and the second fails); this implementation requires bootstrapping an independent blockchain and building and testing all the necessary state transition and networking code.<ref>[https://ethereum.org/en/whitepaper/ Ethereum Whitepaper]</ref>

* Namecoin: created in 2010, this second-level domain system was the first decentralized name registration database to use the first-to-file paradigm (where the first registerer succeeds and the second fails); this implementation requires bootstrapping an independent blockchain and building and testing all the necessary state transition and networking code.<ref>[https://ethereum.org/en/whitepaper/ Ethereum Whitepaper]</ref>

* [http://www.domainincite.com/8247-company-claims-ownership-of-482-new-gtlds name.space]

* [http://www.domainincite.com/8247-company-claims-ownership-of-482-new-gtlds name.space]

* [https://www.unifiedroot.com/ UnifiedRoot]: River Book Investment Company bought this alternative root based in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in 2005. It operates an independent infrastructure to enable the creation and usage of TLDs and IDNs registered on its system. The Unifiedroot root server platform is IPv6 and IDN ready and operates parallel to ICANN. Individuals cannot apply for a TLD or IDN with Unifiedroot. Only companies, organizations, and institutions can register a TLD or IDN.<ref>[https://www.unifiedroot.com/en/Company-Info/About-Us.html About Us, UnifiedRoot]</ref>

* [https://www.unifiedroot.com/ UnifiedRoot]: River Book Investment Company bought this alternative root based in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in 2005. It operates an independent infrastructure to enable the creation and usage of TLDs and IDNs registered on its system. The Unifiedroot root server platform is IPv6 and IDN ready and operates parallel to ICANN. Individuals cannot apply for a TLD or IDN with Unifiedroot. Only companies, organizations, and institutions can register a TLD or IDN.<ref>[https://www.unifiedroot.com/en/Company-Info/About-Us.html About Us, UnifiedRoot]</ref>

* [https://www.cryptovantage.com/best-crypto-tools/unstoppable-domains/ Unstoppable]: This venture-backed company takes the traditional alt-root approach, offering extensions such as .crypto, .wallet and .nft.

* [https://www.cryptovantage.com/best-crypto-tools/unstoppable-domains/ Unstoppable]: This venture-backed company takes the traditional alt-root approach, offering extensions such as .crypto, .wallet and .nft. It is based on [https://polygon.technology/ Polygon], an Ethereum scaling platform design, and as of March 2022, it has over 2,100,000 domains registered.

 

:: ''Potential shortcoming'': when ICANN launches its next round of [[nTLDs]], multiple companies will apply for the aforementioned likely to be popular extensions, leading to [[Name Collision]].<ref>[https://domainnamewire.com/2022/01/13/blockchain-domains-and-the-big-challenges-they-face/ Blockchain Domains' Challenges, DNW]</ref>   

:: ''Potential shortcoming'': when ICANN launches its next round of [[nTLDs]], multiple companies will apply for the aforementioned likely to be popular extensions, leading to [[Name Collision]].<ref>[https://domainnamewire.com/2022/01/13/blockchain-domains-and-the-big-challenges-they-face/ Blockchain Domains' Challenges, DNW]</ref>