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===Network Working Group===

===Network Working Group===

The computer experts from the four research laboratories that received research funding from IPTO were called the [[NWG|Network Working Group]]. They were delegated to identify and solve the technical problems associated with the development and completion of the ARPANET.

The computer experts from the four research laboratories that received research funding from IPTO were called the [[NWG|Network Working Group]]. They were delegated to identify and solve the technical problems associated with the development and completion of the ARPANET. The NWG was formed when a meeting was called by Elmer Shapiro from SRI in 1968 to discuss the host to host problems as per instruction given by ARPA. [[Stephen Crocker|Steve Crocker]], who represents UCLA recalled that during the NWG first meeting [[Steve Carr]] from University of Utah [[Jeff Rulifson]] from SRI, and [[Ron Stoughton]] from UCSB were present. According to him, the meeting was thought provoking and all their ideas was original. Elmer Shapiro initiated conversation and brainstorming by asking questions to the group. The NWG came up with theoretical ideas and visualized different possibilities to formulate new ideas. Crocker stated,

<ref>[http://www.dei.isep.ipp.pt/~acc/docs/arpa--2.html The Network Working Group]</ref>

The members of the  

''''"ith no specific service definition in place for what the IMPs were providing to the hosts, there wasn't any clear idea of what work the hosts had to do. Only later did we articulate the notion of building a layered set of protocols with general transport services on the bottom and multiple application- specific protocols on the top. More precisely, we understood quite early that we wanted quite a bit of generality, but we didn't have a clear idea how to achieve it. We struggled between a grand design and getting something working quickly."'''' <ref>[http://www.dei.isep.ipp.pt/~acc/docs/arpa--2.html The Network Working Group]</ref>

The realization of the vision of Licklider for the ARPANET as a universal communication network became evident in September 1969 when Leonard Kleinrock, head of the Netwrok Measurement Center ([[NMC]]) at UCLA and his team which include [[Vinton Cerf]], [[Steve Crocker]], [[Bill Naylor]], [[Jon Postel]], and [[Mike Wingfield]] connected one of the center's SDS Sigma 7 computers to an Interface Message Processor ([[IMP]]). The team from UCLA were able to successfully exchange the message, "Do it to it, Truett" with BBN hardware designer Ben Barker. On that day, ARPANET/Internet was born.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>

The realization of the vision of Licklider for the ARPANET as a universal communication network became evident in September 1969 when Leonard Kleinrock, head of the Netwrok Measurement Center ([[NMC]]) at UCLA and his team which include [[Vinton Cerf]], [[Stephen  Crocker]], [[Bill Naylor]], [[Jon Postel]], and [[Mike Wingfield]] connected one of the center's SDS Sigma 7 computers to an Interface Message Processor ([[IMP]]). The team from UCLA were able to successfully exchange the message, "Do it to it, Truett" with BBN hardware designer Ben Barker. On that day, ARPANET/Internet was born.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>

The second node connected to the ARPANET was the NLS System (on-Line System) at the SRI which was developed by [[Douglas Engelbart]].<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_engelbart.htm Douglas Engelbart]</ref> This was the first full ARPANET network connection using an SDS-940 computer with the Genie Operating System and a 50 kbps line from [[AT&T]]. However, the first test did not work properly and the system crashed. The second test worked fine according to Kleinrock.

The second node connected to the ARPANET was the NLS System (on-Line System) at the SRI which was developed by [[Douglas Engelbart]].<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_engelbart.htm Douglas Engelbart]</ref> This was the first full ARPANET network connection using an SDS-940 computer with the Genie Operating System and a 50 kbps line from [[AT&T]]. However, the first test did not work properly and the system crashed. The second test worked fine according to Kleinrock.

The third connection added to the ARPANET was an IBM 360/75 computer using the OS/MVT operating system from the [[Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics Centre]] at the University of California at Santa Barbara followed by the  DED PDP-q0 computer using a Tenex Operatin System from University of Utah Graphix Department. The first four nodes connected to the ARPANET became operational.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>

The third connection added to the ARPANET was an IBM 360/75 computer using the OS/MVT operating system from the [[Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics Centre]] at the University of California at Santa Barbara followed by the  DED PDP-q0 computer using a Tenex Operatin System from University of Utah Graphix Department. The first four nodes connected to the ARPANET became operational.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>

==References==

==References==