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===The ARPANET was born===

===The ARPANET was born===

The realization of the vision of Licklider for the ARPANET as a universal communication network became evident on September 1969 when NWG member [[Leonard Kleinrock]], head of the Network Measurement Center ([[NMC]]) at UCLA and his team which include [[Vinton Cerf]], [[Stephen  Crocker]], [[Bill Naylor]], [[Jon Postel]], and [[Mike Wingfield]] connected one of the center's SDS Sigma 7 computers to an Interface Message Processor ([[IMP]]). The team from UCLA were able to successfully exchange the message, "Do it to it, Truett" with BBN hardware designer Ben Barker. On that day, ARPANET/Internet was born.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>

The realization of Licklider's vision for the ARPANET as a universal communication network became evident on September 1969 when NWG member [[Leonard Kleinrock]], head of the Network Measurement Center at UCLA and his team, which included [[Vinton Cerf]], [[Steve Crocker]], [[Bill Naylor]], [[Jon Postel]], and [[Mike Wingfield]], connected one of the center's SDS Sigma 7 computers to an IMP. The team from UCLA was able to successfully exchange the message, "Do it to it, Truett" with BBN hardware designer [[Ben Barker]]. On that day, ARPANET/the Internet was born.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>

The second node connected to the ARPANET was the [[NLS System]] (on-Line System) at the SRI which was developed by [[Douglas Engelbart]].<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_engelbart.htm Douglas Engelbart]</ref> This was the first full ARPANET network connection using an SDS-940 computer with the Genie Operating System and a 50 kbps line from [[AT&T]]. However, the first test did not work properly and the system crashed. The second test worked fine according to Kleinrock.

The second node connected to the ARPANET was the [[NLS System]] at SRI, which was developed by [[Douglas Engelbart]].<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_engelbart.htm Douglas Engelbart]</ref> This was the first full ARPANET network connection using an SDS-940 computer with the Genie Operating System and a 50 kbps line from [[AT&T]]. However, the first test did not work properly and the system crashed. The second test worked fine according to Kleinrock.

The third connection added to the ARPANET was an IBM 360/75 computer using the OS/MVT operating system from the [[Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics Centre]] at the University of California at Santa Barbara followed by the DED PDP-q0 computer using a Tenex Operatin System from University of Utah Graphix Department. The first four nodes connected to the ARPANET became operational.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>

The third connection added to the ARPANET was an IBM 360/75 computer using the OS/MVT operating system from the Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics Centre at the University of California at Santa Barbara, followed by the DED PDP-q0 computer using a Tenex Operatin System from University of Utah Graphix Department. The first four nodes connected to the ARPANET became operational.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>

===The Network Control Program===

===The Network Control Program===

Although ARPANET was already operational in 1969, Lawrence Roberts, IPTO's Senior Computer Scientist met with the NWG in UTAH and he emphasized that they need further achievement. He provided guidance to the group to develop a viable network protocol. In 1971, the group was able to create the Network Protocol Program ([[NCP]]), which became the standard networking program for the ARPANET. <ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_ncp.htm Network Control Program]</ref> NCP's main function is to establish, break and switch connections, and control flow of communications between different host computer systems.There were already 15 sites connected to the NCP during the latter part of 1971. The NCP became the basis of [[Robert Kahn]] and [[Vinton Cerf]] in creating the [[TCP/IP]] of the current internet.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>

Despite the great successes with ARPANET's operation, in 1969, Lawrence Roberts, IPTO's Senior Computer Scientist, met with the NWG in Utah and emphasized the need for further achievement. He provided guidance to the group to develop a viable network protocol. In 1971, the group was able to create the Network Protocol Program ([[NCP]]), which became the standard networking program for the ARPANET.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_ncp.htm Network Control Program]</ref> NCP's main function was to establish, break, and switch connections, and to control the flow of communication between different host computer systems. By the end of 1971, there were already 15 sites connected to the NCP. The NCP became the basis for [[Robert Kahn]] and [[Vinton Cerf]] to create the modern Internet Suite/[[TCP/IP]].<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>

==First 15 Sites Connected to ARPANET==

==First 15 Sites Connected to ARPANET==