Changes

===United States===

===United States===

To counteract the perceived threat of Russian space exploration during the Cold War, the United States boosted investment in research and computer science. Fearing the potential destruction of the national telephone lines, the United States turned to J.C.R. Licklider, a psychologist and computer scientist at MIT and DARPA to develop a robust alternative.<ref name="Invention of Internet">http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/invention-of-the-internet The Invention of the Internet. History.com Staff. History.com. 20 Mar 2015</ref>   

To counteract the perceived threat of Russian space exploration during the Cold War, the United States boosted investment in research and computer science. Fearing the potential destruction of the national telephone lines, the United States turned to J.C.R. Licklider, a psychologist and computer scientist at MIT and DARPA to develop a robust alternative.<ref name="Invention of Internet">http://www.history.com/topics/inventions/invention-of-the-internet The Invention of the Internet. History.com Staff. History.com. 20 Mar 2015</ref>   

Beginning in 1962, Licklider strengthened his "Galactic Network" idea, which included an expansive network of computers that would offer its users access to data and programs from a series of sites.  After becoming the first head of [[DARPA]]'s computer research program in October 1962, Licklider successfully convinced colleagues of the vision's merit.

Beginning in 1962, Licklider strengthened his "Galactic Network" idea, which included an expansive network of computers that would offer its users access to data and programs from a series of sites.  After becoming the first head of [[DARPA]]'s computer research program in October 1962, Licklider successfully convinced his colleagues of the vision's merit.

It wasn't until [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Kleinrock Leonard Kleinrock] pursued the feasibility of [[packet switching]] a method of delivery that sends information in small packets, or portions through different routes, that the idea gained traction in a concrete manner. Kleinrock, along with a few other colleagues conducted a small experiment including two computers used at different geographic points, one in Massachusetts and one in California. Using a low-speed dial-up line, the researchers developed a connection, testing the packet transmission. The experiment was a minor success, scientists in Stanford received the 'L' and 'O' of 'LOGIN', and the transmission crashed ARPA's fragile network. <ref name="Hx of Internet" />

It wasn't until [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Kleinrock Leonard Kleinrock] pursued the feasibility of [[packet switching]] a method of delivery that sends information in small packets, or portions through different routes, that the idea gained traction in a concrete manner. Kleinrock, along with a few other colleagues conducted a small experiment including two computers used at different geographic points, one in Massachusetts and one in California. Using a low-speed dial-up line, the researchers developed a connection, testing the packet transmission. The experiment was a minor success, scientists in Stanford received the 'L' and 'O' of 'LOGIN', and the transmission crashed ARPA's fragile network. <ref name="Hx of Internet" />