Changes

2009年2月3日， [[ICANN Board|ICANN 董事会]]列举了将在 [[DNS ]]根区域中执行的操作性变更，比如向根添加[[IPv6|互联网通信协议第6版]]（IPv6）的记录、新[[gTLD|通用顶级域]](gTLDs)、新[[IDN|国际化域名]] 以及执行[[DNSSEC|域名系统安全扩展]]（DNSSEC）。与预期的根区域操作性变更有关的是，董事会要求[[SSAC|安全与稳定咨询委员会]](SSAC)和[[RSSAC|根服务器系统咨询委员会]](RSSAC)执行一项联合调查，分析它对DNS根服务器系统稳定性和安全性的影响。此外，董事会要求两大委员会确定根服务器系统的容量和调整，以应对执行提议的变更后可能发生的任何技术性和操作性挑战。一些[[ICANN]]高级技术员工也参与了此次研究。<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/minutes/prelim-report-03feb09.htm ICANN Special Board Meeting]</ref>

2009年2月3日， [[ICANN Board|ICANN 董事会]]列举了将在 [[DNS ]]根区域中执行的操作性变更，比如向根添加[[IPv6|互联网通信协议第6版]]（IPv6）的记录、新[[gTLD|通用顶级域]](gTLDs)、新[[IDN|国际化域名]] 以及执行[[DNSSEC|域名系统安全扩展]]（DNSSEC）。与预期的根区域操作性变更有关的是，董事会要求[[SSAC|安全与稳定咨询委员会]](SSAC)和[[RSSAC|根服务器系统咨询委员会]](RSSAC)执行一项联合调查，分析它对DNS根服务器系统稳定性和安全性的影响。此外，董事会要求两大委员会确定根服务器系统的容量和调整，以应对执行提议的变更后可能发生的任何技术性和操作性挑战。一些[[ICANN]]高级技术员工也参与了此次研究。<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/minutes/prelim-report-03feb09.htm ICANN Special Board Meeting]</ref>

==Root Scaling Study Report==

==根缩放比例研究报告==

The SSAC, RSSAC and ICANN Staff responded to the request of the ICANN Board by creating a Scaling Steering Group to conduct the study. On September 7, 2009, a report entitled: Report on the Impact on the DNS Root System of Increasing the Size and Volatility of the Root Zone was submitted by the Root Scaling Study Team for the Scaling Steering Group with the following findings and recommendations:<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/committees/dns-root/root-scaling-study-report-31aug09-en.pdf Root Scaling Study Report]</ref>

SSAC、 RSSAC 和ICANN员工根据ICANN董事会的要求创办了一个调整指导组执行该研究。2009年9月7日，代表调整指导组的根调整研究团队提交了一份标题为：增加根区域大小和易变性对DNS根系统的影响报告，结果和建议如下：<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/committees/dns-root/root-scaling-study-report-31aug09-en.pdf Root Scaling Study Report]</ref>

* Any of the proposed changes has an effect to the growth of the root zone. The study team suggested that it is best to add or make changes to the root zone with a large or sudden impact. Gradual changes can be added at later stages.

* 任何一项变更提议都会对根区域的发展产生影响。研究团队建议最好以对根区域有大影响或快速影响的方式进行添加或变更。逐步的变更可以在后期进行添加。

* Additional new TLDs will increase both the number of entries and the size of the root zone, however an increase in the number of TLDs will not increase the number of request per year per TLD.

* 额外的新顶级域将增加记录的数量和根区域的大小，但是顶级域数量的增加不会导致每个顶级域每年申请数量的增加。

* Adding DNSSEC changes the nature of the root zone wherein it will no longer be an atomic unit or an individual resource record, instead it will be a group resource record. Implementation of DNSSEC will result in a much bigger amount of data carried in the zone as well as larger zone transfers. Signature and other security related data will be added to queries to the DNS, and thus it needs more bandwidth network resources and the signature data needs to be regularly updated because they have expiration dates to avoid serving bad data and to avoid replay attacks.

* 添加域名系统安全扩展（DNSSEC）会改变根区域的性质，根区域会因此而不再属于一个原子单位或个体资源记录，而将成为一个群组资源记录。执行DNSSEC会导致根区域中存在更大数量的数据以及更大量的区域传输。签名和其他安全相关数据将被添加到对DNS的查询中，因此需要更多宽带网络资源，而且签名数据需要定期更新，因为它们有一个有效期限，目的是为了避免服务不良数据并且避免重放攻击。

* Additional IDN results to changes in the root zone similar to adding a TLD.

* 额外的国际化域名对根区域产生的影响与添加顶级域的影响类似。

* Adding IPv6 records to the root zone will add glue records for the name server of every TLD. This means that the amount of data increases per TLD in the root zone and the number of changes per TLD will also increase each year.

* 添加IPv6记录至根区域将增加每个顶级域中名称服务器的粘附记录。这意味着根区域中每个顶级域的数据量将增加，并且每个顶级域的变更数量也将每年增加。

The Root Scaling Study Team also found that the proposed changes to the root also affect the end-system applications of the Internet such as the web browsers, intermediary “middleboxes” that perform traffic shaping, firewall, and caching functions; and [[ISP]]s that manage the DNS services provided to internet users.

The Root Scaling Study Team also found that the proposed changes to the root also affect the end-system applications of the Internet such as the web browsers, intermediary “middleboxes” that perform traffic shaping, firewall, and caching functions; and [[ISP]]s that manage the DNS services provided to internet users.