China Internet Network Information Center: Difference between revisions
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{{CompanyInfo| | {{CompanyInfo| | ||
| logo = | | logo = CNNIC logo.png | ||
| type = Non-Profit | | type = Non-Profit | ||
| industry = | | industry = Network Administration | ||
| founded = 1997 | | founded = 1997 | ||
| headquarters = 4, South 4th Street,<br> | | founders = | ||
Zhongguancun,<br> | | ownership = The Ministry of Information Industry | ||
Haidian district,<br> | | headquarters = 4, South 4th Street,<br>Zhongguancun,<br>Haidian district,<br>Beijing 100190 | ||
Beijing 100190 | |||
| country = China | | country = China | ||
| | | businesses = | ||
| | | products = | ||
| employees = | |||
| revenue = | |||
| website = [http://www.cnnic.net.cn/en/index/index.htm CNNIC.net] | | website = [http://www.cnnic.net.cn/en/index/index.htm CNNIC.net] | ||
| blog = | |||
| facebook = | |||
| linkedin = | |||
| twitter = | |||
| keypeople = [[Yaling Tan]], Senior Policy Advisor | |||
[[Mao Wei]], Chief Scientist<br/> | |||
[[Jian Zhang]], Director of International Business and Policy<br/> | |||
[[Ting Chen]], International Business Development Manager<br/> | |||
[[Yaling Tan]], Senior Policy Advisor<br/> | |||
[[Yang Liu|Dr. Yang Liu]], Senior Int'l Policy Stategist<br/> | |||
[[Jiankang Yao]], Chief Architect for IDN<br/> | |||
[[Lynn Xing]], Oversea Registrar Supervisor<br/> | |||
[[Guang Hao Li]], Deputy Director of Administrative Office<br/> | |||
[[Li Linna]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
''' | '''China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)''' is a state-run administration and service organization responsible for fundamental internet reources.<ref>[http://www1.cnnic.cn/AU/Introduction/Introduction/201208/t20120815_33295.htm About CNNIC]</ref> It is established under the Ministry of Information Industry for the government of China. | ||
==Main Business== | ==Main Business== | ||
CNNIC self-describes its main intentions and endeavors as: | CNNIC self-describes its main intentions and endeavors as: | ||
*'''Domain Name Registry Service'''- Responsible for the administration of the .cn [[ccTLD]] registry,and the Chinese Domain Name system. | *'''Domain Name Registry Service'''- Responsible for the administration of the .cn [[ccTLD]] registry,and the Chinese Domain Name system. | ||
*'''IP Address and Autonomous System Number Allocation Service'''- CNNIC initiated the IP Allocation Alliance, which provides IP address and AS Number application services to domestic ISPs and users. | *'''[[IP Address]] and [[ASN|Autonomous System Number]] Allocation Service'''- CNNIC initiated the IP Allocation Alliance, which provides IP address and [[ASN|AS Number]] application services to domestic ISPs and users. | ||
*'''Catalog Database Service''' - Maintains the state top level network catalog database, providing information search services of internet users, web addresses, domain names, AS numbers, etc. | *'''Catalog Database Service''' - Maintains the state top level network catalog database, providing information search services of internet users, web addresses, domain names, AS numbers, etc. | ||
*'''Technical Research on Addressing'''- Undertakes research on typical network infrastructure in an attempt to improve it. | *'''Technical Research on Addressing'''- Undertakes research on typical network infrastructure in an attempt to improve it. | ||
*'''Internet Survey and Information Services'''- Undertakes statistical surveys regarding internet services for the public. Some of its surveys can be found [http://www.cnnic.net.cn/en/index/0O/index.htm here]. | *'''Internet Survey and Information Services'''- Undertakes statistical surveys regarding internet services for the public. Some of its surveys can be found [http://www.cnnic.net.cn/en/index/0O/index.htm here]. | ||
*'''International Liaison'''- as a Network Information Center, or [[NIC]], it works closely with [[NIC]]s of other countries. | *'''International Liaison'''- as a Network Information Center, or [[NIC]], it works closely with [[NIC]]s of other countries. | ||
*'''Secretariat of the Internet Policy and Resource Committee, Internet Society of China'''- Undertakes projects, research, and policies to better administer the internet for the people of China.<ref>[http://www.cnnic.net.cn/en/index/0Q/index.htm CNNIC Introduction]</ref> | *'''Secretariat of the Internet Policy and Resource Committee, Internet Society of China'''- Undertakes projects, research, and policies to better administer the internet for the people of China.<ref>[http://www.cnnic.net.cn/en/index/0Q/index.htm CNNIC Introduction]</ref> | ||
==Security, Censorship, and Controversy== | ==Security, Censorship, and Controversy== | ||
The '''Green Dam Youth Escort''' was an attempt to mandate all computer producers to distribute filtering software with their products. The project received government backing in April, 2009, and a few months later it was pressing forward with a universal requirement of the filter.<ref>[http://www.circleid.com/posts/20090608_chinas_green_dam_youth_escort_software/ CircleID]</ref> The filter was immediately downloaded and used by schools and other areas of the public sector, but many businesses and individuals took issue with the mandate. The project was eventually scaled back and a universal requirement never seems to have been fully enforced.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/18/world/asia/18china.html?_r=1 NYT]</ref> | |||
However, in December of that year, new and very broad restrictions were announced. About 700 websites were shut down, and others came under scrutiny with threats of termination. Individuals were banned from registering .cn websites, which are now only open to Chinese corporations.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/18/world/asia/18china.html?_r=1 NYT]</ref> The ban against foreign individuals, registrars, and other entities registering .cn domains came in January, 2010.<ref>[http://www.thewhir.com/web-hosting-news/010610_CNNIC_Suspends_New_Foreign_CN_Registrations_Indefinitely WHIR]</ref> | |||
Constant pressure is put on blocking pornography, and other threatening material, which include bans on Facebook and Twitter.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/18/world/asia/18china.html?_r=1 NYT]</ref> | |||
CNNIC has been accused of monitoring its internet users with malware and spyware;<ref>[http://lwn.net/Articles/372386/ Blog]</ref> this is compounded by Mozilla, Microsoft, and Mac's addition of the CNNIC root to its [[CA]], Certificate Authorities, where malware is not required but monitoring is achieved through trusted encryption tools.<ref>[http://www.lostlaowai.com/blog/china-stuff/china-tech/the-state-network-information-center-wants-to-spy-on-you-heres-how-to-stop-them/ Lost Laowai]</ref> | |||
On August 25, 2013, [[Domain Incite]] reported that '''CNNIC''' was hit by [[DDoS]] attack, possibly the largest ever experienced by the Center. All five of [[.cn]]'s name servers were inaccessible, and an unknown number of [[.cn]] websites could not be accessed by users. The attack lasted for more than six hours.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/14300-cnnic-hit-by-largest-ever-denial-of-service-attack CNNIC DoS Attack, Domain Incite]Retrieved 10 Sept 2013</ref> | |||
==CNNIC and ICANN== | ==CNNIC and ICANN== | ||
[[ICANN]] has been working with CNNIC in its efforts to expand [[TLD]]s in | [[ICANN]] has been working with CNNIC in its efforts to expand [[TLD]]s in Chinese characters. In May, 2010, CNNIC announced that it had received approval from [[ICANN]] to create the [[TLD]] ".zhongguo" (written in pinyin).<ref>[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-04/28/content_9787727.htm China Daily]</ref> .Zhongguo domain names are available in both simplified and traditional Chinese characters. | ||
===New gTLDS=== | |||
In December, 2011, CNNIC announced that they planned to officially apply for .公司 (company) and .网络 (network) in [[ICANN]]'s New [[gTLD]] Program,<ref>[http://tech.sina.com.cn/i/2011-12-20/10326538420.shtml sina.com.cn]</ref> which are already operational in China.<ref>[https://twitter.com/#!/CloudRegistry/status/149268371442114560 Twitter]</ref> This move was seen as potentially problematic as it may infringe on [[Verisign]]'s own [[.com]] and [[.net]], and their plans to seek the IDN equivalents of those TLDs. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | <div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2"> | ||
{{reflist}}</div> | |||
[[Category:ccTLD Registry]] | |||
[[Category:ccNSO Member]] | |||
__NOTOC__ | |||
Revision as of 17:21, 17 February 2021
 | |
| Type: | Non-Profit |
| Industry: | Network Administration |
| Founded: | 1997 |
| Ownership: | The Ministry of Information Industry |
| Headquarters: | 4, South 4th Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190 |
| Country: | China |
| Website: | CNNIC.net |
| Key People | |
| Yaling Tan, Senior Policy Advisor
Mao Wei, Chief Scientist | |
China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) is a state-run administration and service organization responsible for fundamental internet reources.[1] It is established under the Ministry of Information Industry for the government of China.
Main Business[edit | edit source]
CNNIC self-describes its main intentions and endeavors as:
- Domain Name Registry Service- Responsible for the administration of the .cn ccTLD registry,and the Chinese Domain Name system.
- IP Address and Autonomous System Number Allocation Service- CNNIC initiated the IP Allocation Alliance, which provides IP address and AS Number application services to domestic ISPs and users.
- Catalog Database Service - Maintains the state top level network catalog database, providing information search services of internet users, web addresses, domain names, AS numbers, etc.
- Technical Research on Addressing- Undertakes research on typical network infrastructure in an attempt to improve it.
- Internet Survey and Information Services- Undertakes statistical surveys regarding internet services for the public. Some of its surveys can be found here.
- International Liaison- as a Network Information Center, or NIC, it works closely with NICs of other countries.
- Secretariat of the Internet Policy and Resource Committee, Internet Society of China- Undertakes projects, research, and policies to better administer the internet for the people of China.[2]
Security, Censorship, and Controversy[edit | edit source]
The Green Dam Youth Escort was an attempt to mandate all computer producers to distribute filtering software with their products. The project received government backing in April, 2009, and a few months later it was pressing forward with a universal requirement of the filter.[3] The filter was immediately downloaded and used by schools and other areas of the public sector, but many businesses and individuals took issue with the mandate. The project was eventually scaled back and a universal requirement never seems to have been fully enforced.[4]
However, in December of that year, new and very broad restrictions were announced. About 700 websites were shut down, and others came under scrutiny with threats of termination. Individuals were banned from registering .cn websites, which are now only open to Chinese corporations.[5] The ban against foreign individuals, registrars, and other entities registering .cn domains came in January, 2010.[6]
Constant pressure is put on blocking pornography, and other threatening material, which include bans on Facebook and Twitter.[7]
CNNIC has been accused of monitoring its internet users with malware and spyware;[8] this is compounded by Mozilla, Microsoft, and Mac's addition of the CNNIC root to its CA, Certificate Authorities, where malware is not required but monitoring is achieved through trusted encryption tools.[9]
On August 25, 2013, Domain Incite reported that CNNIC was hit by DDoS attack, possibly the largest ever experienced by the Center. All five of .cn's name servers were inaccessible, and an unknown number of .cn websites could not be accessed by users. The attack lasted for more than six hours.[10]
CNNIC and ICANN[edit | edit source]
ICANN has been working with CNNIC in its efforts to expand TLDs in Chinese characters. In May, 2010, CNNIC announced that it had received approval from ICANN to create the TLD ".zhongguo" (written in pinyin).[11] .Zhongguo domain names are available in both simplified and traditional Chinese characters.
New gTLDS[edit | edit source]
In December, 2011, CNNIC announced that they planned to officially apply for .公司 (company) and .网络 (network) in ICANN's New gTLD Program,[12] which are already operational in China.[13] This move was seen as potentially problematic as it may infringe on Verisign's own .com and .net, and their plans to seek the IDN equivalents of those TLDs.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ About CNNIC
- ↑ CNNIC Introduction
- ↑ CircleID
- ↑ NYT
- ↑ NYT
- ↑ WHIR
- ↑ NYT
- ↑ Blog
- ↑ Lost Laowai
- ↑ CNNIC DoS Attack, Domain InciteRetrieved 10 Sept 2013
- ↑ China Daily
- ↑ sina.com.cn