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==Background==
==Background==
===NSI Cooperative Agreement & the SRS===
From 1993 to 1998 [[Network Solutions]] was the only Registrar and Registry Operator for  [[.com]], [[.net]] and [[.org]] top level domain names ([[TLD]]s) based on a Cooperative Agreement between the company and National Science Foundation ([[NSF]]).<ref>
From 1993 to 1998 [[Network Solutions]] was the only Registrar and Registry Operator for  [[.com]], [[.net]] and [[.org]] top level domain names ([[TLD]]s) based on a Cooperative Agreement between the company and National Science Foundation ([[NSF]]).<ref>
[http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/cyber/internet.jsp A Brief History of NSF and the Internet]</ref>
[http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/cyber/internet.jsp A Brief History of NSF and the Internet]</ref>
The [[Department of Commerce]] (DOC) extended and amended the Cooperative Agreement with NSI when the contract expired in 1998. Under the new Cooperative Agreement, NSI will continue to serve as a Registry Operator and to implement a Shared Registry System ([[SRS]]) by June 1, 1999, which will be accessible for multiple registrars to be accredited by the non-profit organization that will takeover the technical management of the DNS. Five registrars will be chosen by the new corporation to test bed the SRS. <ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/legacy/ntiahome/domainname/proposals/DOCNSI100698.htm Special Award Conditions NCR-9218742 Amendment No. 11]</ref> The Agreement was modified twice to adjust the date of the deployment of the SRS from June 1 to June 25, 1999 <ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/amend12.pdf Amendment Number 12]</ref> and the inclusion of a registration fee for new domain names; $9 for one year and $18 for two years and the Registrar License Agreement.<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/amendment13.pdf Amendment Number 13]</ref> In November 1998, the DOC officially recognized [[ICANN]] as the new private, non-profit organization responsible in administering the technical management of DNS. Part of its responsibility is to supervise the deployment and transition to SRS, to develop and implement procedures for registrar accreditation to ensure competitive registration system and to maintain the stability and security of the internet.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/resources/registrars/accreditation/history Registrar Accreditation: History of the Shared Registry System]</ref>
The [[Department of Commerce]] (DOC) extended and amended the Cooperative Agreement with NSI when the contract expired in 1998. Under the new Cooperative Agreement, NSI will continue to serve as a Registry Operator and to implement a Shared Registry System ([[SRS]]) by June 1, 1999, which will be accessible for multiple registrars to be accredited by the non-profit organization that will takeover the technical management of the DNS. Five registrars will be chosen by the new corporation to test bed the SRS. <ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/legacy/ntiahome/domainname/proposals/DOCNSI100698.htm Special Award Conditions NCR-9218742 Amendment No. 11]</ref> The Agreement was modified twice to adjust the date of the deployment of the SRS from June 1 to June 25, 1999 <ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/amend12.pdf Amendment Number 12]</ref> and the inclusion of a registration fee for new domain names; $9 for one year and $18 for two years and the Registrar License Agreement.<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/amendment13.pdf Amendment Number 13]</ref>
 
===ICANN's Registrar Accreditation Policy===
On November 1998, the DOC officially recognized [[ICANN]] as the new private, non-profit organization responsible in administering the technical management of DNS. Part of its responsibility is to supervise the deployment and transition to SRS, to develop and implement procedures for registrar accreditation to ensure competitive registration system and to maintain the stability and security of the internet.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/resources/registrars/accreditation/history Registrar Accreditation: History of the Shared Registry System]</ref>


On March 4, 1999, the [[ICANN Board]] adopted the Statement of Registrar Accreditation Policy for .com, .net and .org TLDs. Under the policy, registrars seeking to participate in the SRS Testbed Program are required to pay $2,500 while all other registrar applicants will pay $1,000. Applicants that were not selected for the test bed were considered for regular accreditation.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/resources/registrars/accreditation/policy-statement Statement of Registrar Accreditation Policy]</ref>
On March 4, 1999, the [[ICANN Board]] adopted the Statement of Registrar Accreditation Policy for .com, .net and .org TLDs. Under the policy, registrars seeking to participate in the SRS Testbed Program are required to pay $2,500 while all other registrar applicants will pay $1,000. Applicants that were not selected for the test bed were considered for regular accreditation.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/resources/registrars/accreditation/policy-statement Statement of Registrar Accreditation Policy]</ref>


===Participants for the SRS Testbed Program===
ICANN accepted applicants for the SRS Testbed Program from March 11 to April 8, 1999. On April 21, 1999, ICANN announced the five registrars selected to participate in the testbed including:<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/news/announcements/icann-pr-21apr99-en.htm ICANN Names Competitive Domain-Name Registrars]</ref>
ICANN accepted applicants for the SRS Testbed Program from March 11 to April 8, 1999. On April 21, 1999, ICANN announced the five registrars selected to participate in the testbed including:<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/news/announcements/icann-pr-21apr99-en.htm ICANN Names Competitive Domain-Name Registrars]</ref>
# America Online ([[AOL]])
# America Online ([[AOL]])
Line 25: Line 30:
In addition, ICANN also announced the names of 29 companies that will receive accreditation after the completion of the SRS Testbed Program. The testbed ended on November 30, 1999. The List of Businesses to be Accredited as '''Post-Testbed Registrars''' is available [http://archive.icann.org/en/registrars/posttestebed-21apr99.htm '''here''']
In addition, ICANN also announced the names of 29 companies that will receive accreditation after the completion of the SRS Testbed Program. The testbed ended on November 30, 1999. The List of Businesses to be Accredited as '''Post-Testbed Registrars''' is available [http://archive.icann.org/en/registrars/posttestebed-21apr99.htm '''here''']


===ICANN Accredited Registrars==
ICANN continued to accept applications for registrar accreditation until today. Here is a complete list of existing [http://www.icann.org/registrar-reports/accredited-list.html '''ICANN Accredited Registrars''']]
ICANN continued to accept applications for registrar accreditation until today. Here is a complete list of existing [http://www.icann.org/registrar-reports/accredited-list.html '''ICANN Accredited Registrars''']]


===2009 Registrar Accreditation Agreement (RAA)===
ICANN implemented a new version of Registrar Accreditation Agreement ([[RAA]]) on March 17, 2001 effective until March 21, 2009. A new revision was again introduced on March 21, 2009 with 17 amendments. Some of the revisions include:<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/resources/registrars/accreditation/history Registrar Accreditation: History of the Shared Registry System]</ref>
ICANN implemented a new version of Registrar Accreditation Agreement ([[RAA]]) on March 17, 2001 effective until March 21, 2009. A new revision was again introduced on March 21, 2009 with 17 amendments. Some of the revisions include:<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/resources/registrars/accreditation/history Registrar Accreditation: History of the Shared Registry System]</ref>
* improved enforcement tools to ensure full compliance with the ICANN contract and policies
* improved enforcement tools to ensure full compliance with the ICANN contract and policies

Revision as of 21:23, 15 March 2012

A registrar has direct relationships with domain name registries and is authorized to sell domain names. In order to become a registrar, one has to be accredited via an ICANN process,[1] in which they must meet certain business and technical requirements. See our list of registrars.

Related Terms

  • Accredited Registrar: A Registrar that has been certified as meeting certain minimal criteria to act as a Registrar for a specific TLD. This term is almost solely used when referring to Registrars that have been certified by ICANN. ccTLD Registries also accredit registrars, and though they may use differing terms, the concepts are largely the same.
  • Sponsoring Registrar: The Registrar responsible for the submission of the domain name to the Registry.
  • Registrar Operator: A term used to denote the entity providing the technical services to a Registrar in support of their registration services. Also referred to as a "Registrar Outsourcer" or "Registrar Provider"

Background

NSI Cooperative Agreement & the SRS

From 1993 to 1998 Network Solutions was the only Registrar and Registry Operator for .com, .net and .org top level domain names (TLDs) based on a Cooperative Agreement between the company and National Science Foundation (NSF).[2] The Department of Commerce (DOC) extended and amended the Cooperative Agreement with NSI when the contract expired in 1998. Under the new Cooperative Agreement, NSI will continue to serve as a Registry Operator and to implement a Shared Registry System (SRS) by June 1, 1999, which will be accessible for multiple registrars to be accredited by the non-profit organization that will takeover the technical management of the DNS. Five registrars will be chosen by the new corporation to test bed the SRS. [3] The Agreement was modified twice to adjust the date of the deployment of the SRS from June 1 to June 25, 1999 [4] and the inclusion of a registration fee for new domain names; $9 for one year and $18 for two years and the Registrar License Agreement.[5]

ICANN's Registrar Accreditation Policy

On November 1998, the DOC officially recognized ICANN as the new private, non-profit organization responsible in administering the technical management of DNS. Part of its responsibility is to supervise the deployment and transition to SRS, to develop and implement procedures for registrar accreditation to ensure competitive registration system and to maintain the stability and security of the internet.[6]

On March 4, 1999, the ICANN Board adopted the Statement of Registrar Accreditation Policy for .com, .net and .org TLDs. Under the policy, registrars seeking to participate in the SRS Testbed Program are required to pay $2,500 while all other registrar applicants will pay $1,000. Applicants that were not selected for the test bed were considered for regular accreditation.[7]

Participants for the SRS Testbed Program

ICANN accepted applicants for the SRS Testbed Program from March 11 to April 8, 1999. On April 21, 1999, ICANN announced the five registrars selected to participate in the testbed including:[8]

  1. America Online (AOL)
  2. CORE (Internet Council of Registrars)
  3. France Telecom/Oléane
  4. Melbourne IT
  5. Register.com

In addition, ICANN also announced the names of 29 companies that will receive accreditation after the completion of the SRS Testbed Program. The testbed ended on November 30, 1999. The List of Businesses to be Accredited as Post-Testbed Registrars is available here

=ICANN Accredited Registrars

ICANN continued to accept applications for registrar accreditation until today. Here is a complete list of existing ICANN Accredited Registrars]

2009 Registrar Accreditation Agreement (RAA)

ICANN implemented a new version of Registrar Accreditation Agreement (RAA) on March 17, 2001 effective until March 21, 2009. A new revision was again introduced on March 21, 2009 with 17 amendments. Some of the revisions include:[9]

  • improved enforcement tools to ensure full compliance with the ICANN contract and policies
  • expansion of requirements for reseller agreements
  • additional requirements for audit and data escrow
  • additional requirements to ensure precise contact information
  • new notice requirements
  • provisions for termination

Read the 2009 RAA

References

External Links

GNSO Registrars' Constituency Mailing List

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