W3C

Type:	SDO Non-for-profit
Industry:	Web Technologies
Founded:	1994
Ownership:	Jointly by MIT, ERCIM, Keio University, Beihang University
Headquarters:	W3C/MIT 32 Vassar Street Room 32-G515 Cambridge, MA 02139
Country:	USA, EU, JP, CH
Businesses:	Web standardization
Products:	Web Standards and Tools
Employees:	<100
Revenue:	~10M$ = expenses
Website:	w3.org
Twitter:	@w3c
Key People
Jeffrey Jaffe, CEO Daniel Dardailler, Head of Liaisons Coralie Mercier, Head of Communications

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international community where web standards are developed by a hired staff that works together with member organizations and the public.

Overview

The W3C was founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee. Its mission is to develop protocol and guidelines for the long-term growth of the Web, in order to bring out its fullest potential. The W3C facilitates participation, involvement, sharing knowledge, and building trust at a global level. It enjoys the support of many important industries and organizations. See the Membership list.

W3C Standards

First started as an IETF application area, W3C laid the foundations of the Web with the development of HTML and XML at the end of the 1990ies. It still works closely with IETF on the http or the URL specifications and in other shared areas (e.g. crypto, security, video) today. Other well knows technologies developed by W3C are the WAI/WCAG guidelines for People with Disabilities, the Web Services stack or the Semantic Web/Linked Data activities.

Since its creation, W3C has developed more than 350 Web Standards, which they refer to as "Recommendations." Each recommendation was developed by working groups which consist of W3C members engineers and invited experts from the public who have experience in the applicable field.

A recommendation is steered by a Working Group, and must pass through the several steps (also called maturity levels):

1. Working Drafts, which are fluid works-in-progress published by Working Groups to gain input from the wider community. Public access is required every trimester if the group is not fully public already.
2. Last Call for Working Draft, which notifies interested parties of the WG's intent to move the draft onto the next stage. It is a last call for external public input.
3. Call for Implementation. At this point, the Working Draft becomes a Candidate for Recommendation, and is reviewed for implementation as a standard.
4. Call for review of proposed recommendation. At this stage, the Candidate Recommendation becomes a Proposed Recommendation, and the WG must seek a final endorsement from the Committee. Without this endorsement, the project reverts back to the Working Draft stage for further development.
5. W3C Recommendation. At this stage, the W3C feels confident enough to recommend that individuals and organizations implement standard technology in their work.

W3C Organization

W3C does not have a typical organizational structure, nor is it incorporated.

In administrative terms: W3C is administered via a joint agreement among these four "Host Institutions": MIT (in the USA), ERCIM (in France/EU), Keio University (in Japan), and Beihang University (in China). The W3C staff (many of whom work physically at one of these institutions) is led by a Director, Tim Berners-Lee, and a CEO. A small management team is responsible for resource allocation and strategic planning on behalf of the staff. Regional offices play an important role in W3C being an international organization.

In process terms: the W3C Process Document and a few others documents establish the roles and responsibilities of the parties involved in the making of W3C standards. Some key components of the organization are:

• the Advisory Committee, composed of one representative from each W3C Member.
• the Advisory Board, an advisory body elected by the Advisory Committee
• the Technical Architecture Group (TAG), which primarily seeks to document Web Architecture principles
• the W3C Director and CEO, who assess consensus for W3C-wide decisions
• the chartered groups, populated by Member representatives and invited experts, and which produce most of W3C's deliverables according to the steps of the W3C Process.

As of 2016, the W3C had 400 members. from various sectors and world regions. In order to be accessible to a wide range of international organizations, W3C offers membership fees on a sliding scale dependent on annual revenue, type of business, and the location of the organization's headquarters.

World Wide Web Consortium

Internet Engineering Task Force