ICANN Historical Timeline: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:38, 16 August 2021

ICANN's history and the history of the Internet are interlinked, and the mission of ICANN was carried out prior to its formation by volunteers, governmental actors, and academic institutions. The following is an attempt to categorize the history (and prehistory) of ICANN and the Domain Name System into eras. Some eras are defined by technical and technological advances, while others are defined by policy initiatives, structural or operational changes to ICANN org, or a broader thematic push. For instance, the present era involves the globalization of access to and use of the Internet; despite ICANN being committed to the global Internet community from its inception, several trends are converging to make the present moment a fight for global and universal access and acceptance: the BRIC countries will represent the vast majority of Internet growth in the coming decade; Internationalized Domain Names are growing in prominence and the effort to ensure universal acceptance of alternate language scripts is as well; efforts to nationalize the DNS by China and Russia are forcing a broader conversation about the value and impact of a global Internet; and ICANN itself is aggressively seeking to improve its presence in and outreach to under-represented parts of the world.

This should not be taken as a canonical resource regarding ICANN's evolution. Technological and policy initiatives overlap. The boundaries for each era are necessarily fuzzy. Although the effort is to identify themes within the events and history of a given era, there is no guarantee that we have it "right," or that there is a "perfectly correct" representation of a given timeframe.

1968-1976: DARPA Era - The Birth of the Internet[edit | edit source]

ARPANET[edit | edit source]

NLS System at Stanford, 1968^[1]
The "Mother of All Demos," 1968^[2]
Concept drawing of ARPANET, 1969^[3]
Interface Message Processor, 1969^[4]
Queen Elizabeth II sends an email, 1976^[5]

The ARPANET was a product of DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. MIT, the University of Southern California, UCLA, and the Stanford Research Institute, under contract with DARPA, were all instrumental in the development of technologies that are still used today in the modern Internet.^[6] Jon Postel, Vint Cerf, Steve Crocker, and other Internet pioneers were first connected with ARPANET projects and innovations.

1976 -[edit | edit source]

1983 - 1989: Birth of the DNS[edit | edit source]

1986 - NSF launches NSFNet 1987 - Over 20,000 servers online hosting websites

1988 - IANA (legitimization era)[edit | edit source]

1992 - Internet goes commercial/ gains a public/ officially becomes marketplace[edit | edit source]

1994 - RFC 1591[edit | edit source]

1996 Internet Governance blueprint era: International Ad-Hoc Committee formed[edit | edit source]

1997 - MoU 1998 - green/white papers

1998 Birth of ICANN (scaffolding)[edit | edit source]

1999-2002: (infant) ICANN[edit | edit source]

Privatization Marilyn Cade DNSO exists PSO, ASO are reserved

2002 ICANN Reform (toddler)[edit | edit source]

2003 2004

2005-2006 (youth) fulfillment of Differentiation/Expansion of ICANN bodies[edit | edit source]

2007 - 2009 (youth) Infinite reviewing cycles begin[edit | edit source]

(IDNs?)

2009-2012 (tween) defining accountability and transparency at ICANN[edit | edit source]

2012-___ “Scale the Root” (adolescent) Big 2012 round[edit | edit source]

2014-2017-ish IANA Transition - (young adult)[edit | edit source]

2017 - present Universality - (adult) IANA Transition “complete” to present day[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

[1] DARPA.mil - NLS

[2] DARPA.mil - the MOAD

[3] DARPA.mil - Paving the Way to the Modern Internet

[4] DARPA.mil - The ARPANET

[5] Malvern Radar and Technology History Society - HM Queen Elizabeth II sends Email

[6] LiveScience.com - ARPANET to the World Wide Web, published June 2017

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

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	ICANN's history and the history of the Internet are interlinked, and the mission of ICANN was carried out prior to its formation by volunteers, governmental actors, and academic institutions. The following is an attempt to categorize the history (and prehistory) of ICANN and the Domain Name System into eras. Some eras are defined by technical and technological advances, while others are defined by policy initiatives, structural or operational changes to ICANN org, or a broader thematic push. For instance, the present era involves the globalization of access to and use of the Internet; despite ICANN being committed to the global Internet community from its inception, several trends are converging to make the present moment a fight for global and universal access and acceptance: the [[BRIC]] countries will represent the vast majority of Internet growth in the coming decade; [[Internationalized Domain ~~Names~~]] are growing in prominence and the effort to ensure [[universal acceptance]] of alternate language scripts is as well; efforts to nationalize the DNS by China and Russia are forcing a broader conversation about the value and impact of a global Internet; and ICANN itself is aggressively seeking to improve its presence in and outreach to under-represented parts of the world.		ICANN's history and the history of the Internet are interlinked, and the mission of ICANN was carried out prior to its formation by volunteers, governmental actors, and academic institutions. The following is an attempt to categorize the history (and prehistory) of ICANN and the Domain Name System into eras. Some eras are defined by technical and technological advances, while others are defined by policy initiatives, structural or operational changes to ICANN org, or a broader thematic push. For instance, the present era involves the globalization of access to and use of the Internet; despite ICANN being committed to the global Internet community from its inception, several trends are converging to make the present moment a fight for global and universal access and acceptance: the [[BRIC]] countries will represent the vast majority of Internet growth in the coming decade; [[Internationalized Domain Name]]s are growing in prominence and the effort to ensure [[universal acceptance]] of alternate language scripts is as well; efforts to nationalize the DNS by China and Russia are forcing a broader conversation about the value and impact of a global Internet; and ICANN itself is aggressively seeking to improve its presence in and outreach to under-represented parts of the world.

	This should not be taken as a canonical resource regarding ICANN's evolution. Technological and policy initiatives overlap. The boundaries for each era are necessarily fuzzy. Although the effort is to identify themes within the events and history of a given era, there is no guarantee that we have it "right," or that there is a "perfectly correct" representation of a given timeframe.		This should not be taken as a canonical resource regarding ICANN's evolution. Technological and policy initiatives overlap. The boundaries for each era are necessarily fuzzy. Although the effort is to identify themes within the events and history of a given era, there is no guarantee that we have it "right," or that there is a "perfectly correct" representation of a given timeframe.