Domain Name/zh
域名是网址（URL）的一部分，可以被输入到浏览器中从而找到一个特定的网站。当一台计算机与互联网相连时，它就会获得一个唯一的IP 地址；由于IP地址不容易被人记住，因而产生了用以将IP地址和域名相关联的DNS或域名系统。[1]
ICANN是监管域名系统的管理机构。
概述
任何域名都将遵守DNS的规则和程序。域名的用途多样化，包括网络化语境和寻址。根据选择注册的不同域名类型，相应的功能类型也不同，比如：免费电子邮件服务、转让和更新、域名选项、DNS服务和其他此类功能。互联网上的单个主机使用域名来识别主机和主机名称。因此，主机名称被认为是互联网资源比如网站网址（资源定位符）的组成部分。然而，域名也被用于简单的识别用以判定资源所有权或控制权的标签。
How is a Domain Name Organized?
Basically, a domain names consists of an alphanumeric string which is divided into sections, with the most important sections separated by periods. For instance, if we take "icannwiki.com" the most important sections of this domain name are::
- The highest level of thedomain name, known as the Top-Level Domain is found at the far right; in this case it is the ".com" string.
- The TLD could have subdivisions, but in this case the information immediate to the left is the Second-Level Domain, represented by "icannwiki".[2]
A domain name is organized from right to left, with the specific descriptions in the left part of the domain name while the general descriptors are in the right part. The machine name (WWW) is positioned at the far left. Dots are used in order to separate the domain levels.
Types of Domain Names
These domain name extensions began to appear in the 1980's, and now include: .com, .net, .mobi, etc. Anyone can register a domain name under this extension but these domains have restricted use.
There are generic top-level extensions at a national level, which based on a code depending on the country, such as: France -.fr, Romania-.ro, United Kingdom-.uk, etc. National entities are responsible with the administration of these specific country codes.
There are cases when top-level domain names may receive sponsorship from institutions and various organizations. The difference between generic top-level domain names and sponsored domain names consists of a charter that defines the domain purpose such as: .gov (US government), .edu (US educational organizations),etc.[3]
Domain Name vs. URL
A domain name is not a URL. The domain name is only a component of the URL, as the URL provides more information related to the address, protocol language, and other such issues. [4]