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The following terms are commonly used by the ICANN Community.
The following terms are commonly used by the ICANN Community.
==Actors/Roles==
==Actors/Roles==
*[[CA]] – a third party company that issues digital certificates and public-private keys as a part of a chosen Public Key Infrastructure.
*[[CA]] – a third-party company that issues digital certificates and public-private keys as a part of a chosen Public Key Infrastructure.
*[[Domainer]] – a person who buys and sells domain names, seeking to profit from selling at a higher price later or from advertising activities.
*[[Domainer]] – a person who buys and sells domain names, seeking to profit from selling at a higher price later or from advertising activities.
*[[I* Leaders]] – a loose category of organizations responsible for technical infrastructures on the Internet.
*[[I* Leaders]] – a loose category of organizations responsible for technical infrastructures on the Internet.
*[[TDG]]
*[[TDG]]
*[[TLG]]
*[[TLG]]
===Committees===
*[[BGC]] - a committee established to enhance the performance of the Board, lead the annual Board performance review, including the CEO, and recommend nominees for Board Chair, Vice Chair, and other leadership positions.
*[[CEO Search Committee]]
*[[IPOC]]
*[[OSC]] – GNSO Operations Steering Committee
*[[PPSC]]
*[[SIC]]
*[[TMC]]
===Panels===
===Panels===
*[[ACP]] – Administrative Challenge Panel
*[[ACP]] – Administrative Challenge Panel
*[[String Similarity Panel]]
*[[String Similarity Panel]]
*[[Technical Evaluation Panel]]
*[[Technical Evaluation Panel]]
===Task Forces===
*[[IETF]] – The Internet Engineering Task Force is a large open international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet.
*[[Whois Task Force]]
===Teams===
*[[CERT]] – A Computer Emergency Response Team or Computer Security Incident Response Team is a group designated to handle computer security.
*[[Communications and Coordination Work Team]] – GNSO team for developing proposals for the Council in response to recommendations made by the BGC WG.
*[[DT]] – A Drafting Team is established by the GNSO to advise ICANN staff and Council members on amendments to the Registrar Accreditation Agreement
*[[GCOT]]– the GNSO team for identifying areas for review to best seat a new Council and gather OSC feedback
*[[IRT]] The Implementation Recommendation Team is an Intellectual Property Constituency-created group of consumer protection and trademark law experts.
*[[STI-DT]]
===Working Groups/Work Parties===
===Working Groups/Work Parties===
*[[VIWG]]
*[[VIWG]]
*[[WGIG]]
*[[WGIG]]
==Databases==
==Databases==
*[[Registry]] – a database of all domain names registered under a certain TLD.
*[[Registry]] – a database of all domain names registered under a certain TLD.
==Documents==
==Documents==
*[[Applicant Guidebook]] – ICANN guidebook for applying for new gTLDs in the New gTLD Program
*[[Applicant Guidebook]] – ICANN guidebook for applying for new gTLDs in the New gTLD Program
*[[Inter-Registrar Transfer Policy]] – the policy developed by ICANN for the safe, straight-forward transfer of domain names from one registrar to another, dispute resolution, and undoing the transfer if it was done as a result of an error.
*[[Inter-Registrar Transfer Policy]] – the policy developed by ICANN for the safe, straight-forward transfer of domain names from one registrar to another, dispute resolution, and undoing the transfer if it was done as a result of an error.
*[[Registrar Accreditation Agreement]] – the contract that governs the relationship between ICANN and its accredited registrars.
*[[Registrar Accreditation Agreement]] – the contract that governs the relationship between ICANN and its accredited registrars.
==Internet Architecture==
*[[ARPANET]] – the first wide-area packet-switching network with distributed control to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite; the technical foundation of the Internet.
*[[DNS]] – The Domain Name System translates between alphanumeric domain names and IP Addresses.
*[[Internet Layer]] – A group of internetworking methods, protocols, and specifications used to transport network packets from the originating host across network boundaries.
*[[Root Zone]] –
===Protocols===
*[[FTP]] – a TCP/IP-based network protocol to transmit files from one computer to another through the Internet.
*[[ENUM]] – Electronic Numbering is a protocol developed by the IETF's Telephone Number Mapping Working Group, which used DNS architecture and protocol to identify available services associated with E.164.
*[[EPP]] – Extensible Provisioning Protocol is an XML-based protocol used by registrars and registries in managing domain names (register, renew, modify, delete, transfer) in a Shared Registry System environment.
*[[HTTP]] – Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a standard networking protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia systems used on the World Wide Web since 1990.
*[[IP]] – Internet Protocol is the means by which data is sent from one computer to another via an Internet connection.
*[[IP Address]] – the unique number given to every computer connected to the Internet. This number allows users and other computers to find each other.
*[[IPv4]] – the version of internet protocol that defines IP addresses in a 32-bit format; the last blocks of IPv4 addresses were allocated by IANA to the Regional Internet Registries in February 2011.
*[[IPv6]] – the version of Internet protocol that supports 128-bit IP addresses.
*[[IRIS]] – Internet Registry Information Service, developed to replace WHOIS, is an application layer client-server protocol for a framework to represent the query-and-result operations of the information services of Internet registries.
*[[WHOIS]] – is a query and response protocol for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system.
*[[TCP/IP]] – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (aka Internet Protocol Suite) serves as the industry standard in connecting networks to networks.
====Domain Name====
*[[Domain Name]] – An identification string that represents an IP resource, such as a computer, website, or service.
*[[DNSSEC]] – extensions that enable communication authentication between hosts and DNS data, while ensuring data integrity.
*[[Generic String]] – a string consisting of a word or term that denominates or describes a general class of goods, services, groups, organizations, or things, as opposed to distinguishing a specific brand of goods, services, groups, organizations or things from those of others.
*[[IDN]] – An Internationalized Domain Names is formed using characters from different scripts, such as Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, or Devanagari. These are encoded by the Unicode standard following IDN protocol.
*[[TLD]] – The Top Level Domain is the last part of a domain name; see the main article for more info on types of TLDs.
==Internet Infrastructure==
*[[IXP]] – an Internet Exchange Point (aka Network Access Point) is a physical point where different Internet service Providers meet to exchange their data and connect networks to form the Internet; without them, global wide-area networking would not be possible.
==Organizations==
==Organizations==
==Processes==
==Processes==
===Functioning of the Internet===
*[[IANA]] – managing the DNS root zone, the .int registry, and the .arpa zone; coordinating and allocating the global IP respectively AS number space to Regional Internet Registries; and providing the main repository for number registries and protocol names.
*[[IANA Functions Stewardship Transition]] – a process and community discussion regarding the United States government's NTIA's provision of the IANA functions to the global Internet community, spearheaded by ICANN.
*[[Internet governance]] – the development of norms and principles relating to how the Internet functions by a group of stakeholders including governments, organizations, and commissions and the regulation and administration of those principals by the parties involved.
===Mechanisms===
===Mechanisms===
*[[ADR]] – an Alternative Dispute Resolution is a process for helping parties under dispute resolve their argument without filing any litigation.
*[[ADR]] – an Alternative Dispute Resolution is a process for helping parties under dispute resolve their argument without filing any litigation.
*[[Public Comment]]
*[[Public Comment]]
*[[RSEP]] – ICANN process for screening and approving proposals made by gTLD operators for new registry services.
*[[RSEP]] – ICANN process for screening and approving proposals made by gTLD operators for new registry services.
===Practices===
===Practices===
*[[Cybersquatting]] – attempting to profit by purchasing domain names made of marketable and trademark-related terms and later reselling or licensing those names back to the companies that developed the trademark
*[[Cybersquatting]] – attempting to profit by purchasing domain names made of marketable and trademark-related terms and later reselling or licensing those names back to the companies that developed the trademark
*[[Drop-Catching]] – the auto-registration of domains at the moment of their deletion.
*[[Drop-Catching]] – the auto-registration of domains at the moment of their deletion.
*[[Fast Flux]] – technique evade identification and thwart anti-crime efforts aimed at identifying and shutting down websites used for illegal purposes.
*[[Fast Flux]] – technique evade identification and thwart anti-crime efforts aimed at identifying and shutting down websites used for illegal purposes.
===Programs===
===Programs===
*[[New gTLD Program]] – a process by which ICANN accepts applications to add new TLDs to the Root Zone.
*[[New gTLD Program]] – a process by which ICANN accepts applications to add new TLDs to the Root Zone.
*[[NextGen@ICANN]]
*[[NextGen@ICANN]]