ARPANET
ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network) originally created by a small team of research expert that was funded by the ARPA of the United States Department of Defense. ARPANET is the original and first wide packet-switching network.[1]
History
ARPA and IPTO
The Advance Research Project Agency was created after the Soviet Union launched Sputnik in 1957. The agency commissioned Dr. J.C.R. Licklider from Bolt, Beranek and Newman in 1962 to lead the agency's research project to improve and maximize the use of computers for the miliary through the Command Control Center. Licklider a universal network that will allow people to communicate with each other using the commputer. He called the first group of computer specialist working in the research project as the Intergalactic Network. Licklider's interest in connecting the community through a computer network resulted in the creation of the Information Processing Techniques Office. The IPTO became Licklider's office, which oversees a more advanced research project leading to the creation of ARPANET.[2]
ARPANET was supported by ARPA/IPTO because of the "promise offered by the computer as a communication medium between people, not as an arithmetic engine."[3]