Changes

Government leaders have different understandings and expectations of how involved a government should be in a nation’s cybersecurity.  

Government leaders have different understandings and expectations of how involved a government should be in a nation’s cybersecurity.  

McKinsey suggests considering several questions to ascertain a government’s role in cybersecurity. [https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-and-social-sector/our-insights/asking-the-right-questions-to-define-governments-role-in-cybersecurity#]

McKinsey suggests considering several questions to ascertain a government’s role in cybersecurity. [https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-and-social-sector/our-insights/asking-the-right-questions-to-define-governments-role-in-cybersecurity#]

#Who is accountable?

# Who is accountable?

*Some national and state governments have consolidated accountabilities into a clear structure, such as Estonia’s Cyber Security Council, or have crisis-response mechanisms as in Sweden. *Germany has its Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (Federal Office for Information Security).  

#*Some national and state governments have consolidated accountabilities into a clear structure, such as Estonia’s Cyber Security Council, or have crisis-response mechanisms as in Sweden.  

*The United Kingdom’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) has been cited as a model for government-level cybersecurity.

#*Germany has its Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (Federal Office for Information Security).  

#How centralized is it?  

#*The United Kingdom’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) has been cited as a model for government-level cybersecurity.

*Japan’s Cyber Security Strategic Headquarters hosts audit and regulation functions in a centralized agency as does Romania’s Association for Information Security Assurance.  

# How centralized is it?  

*India has dispersed audit functions across multiple bodies.  

#*Japan’s Cyber Security Strategic Headquarters hosts audit and regulation functions in a centralized agency as does Romania’s Association for Information Security Assurance.  

*Australia introduced a notifiable-data-breaches scheme in 2017, making it a legal requirement to notify affected individuals and the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner of serious data breaches.

#*India has dispersed audit functions across multiple bodies.  

#Relationship with the private and academic sectors?

#*Australia introduced a notifiable-data-breaches scheme in 2017, making it a legal requirement to notify affected individuals and the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner of serious data breaches.

*Singapore’s National Cybersecurity R&D Programme supports public–private research partnerships and budgeted $190 million Singapore dollars ($137.85 million) in the national strategy for the creation of the National Cybersecurity R&D Laboratory at the National University of Singapore.

# Relationship with the private and academic sectors?

#How does it define national critical infrastructure?

#*Singapore’s National Cybersecurity R&D Programme supports public–private research partnerships and budgeted $190 million Singapore dollars ($137.85 million) in the national strategy for the creation of the National Cybersecurity R&D Laboratory at the National University of Singapore.

*In the United States, the Department of Homeland Security coordinates a national infrastructure-protection plan and requires sector-specific agencies, such as the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) to develop sector-specific plans.

# How does it define national critical infrastructure?

#*In the United States, the Department of Homeland Security coordinates a national infrastructure-protection plan and requires sector-specific agencies, such as the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) to develop sector-specific plans.

 

==The Industry==

==The Industry==

===Providers===

===Providers===