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==Background==

==Background==

The [[CERT/CC]] at Canegie Mellon University documented the first incident of Denial Of Service Attack in 1999 when the [[Trinoo]] and [[Tribe Flood Network]] (TFN) DDoS Network tools were widely distributed. The two DDoS used UDP Flood attack, TCP SYN flood, ICMP echo request flood, and ICMP directed broadcast denial of service attacks respectively.<ref>[http://www.cert.org/incident_notes/IN-99-07.html Cert Incident Notes IN-99-09 Distributed Denial of Service Tools]</ref> Trinoo attacked a single computer from Minnesota University, affected around 227 systems, and became unusable for more than two days.<ref>

The [[CERT/CC]] at Canegie Mellon University documented the first incident of Denial Of Service Attack in 1999 when the [[Trinoo]] and [[Tribe Flood Network]] (TFN) DDoS Network tools were widely distributed.<ref>[http://www.cert.org/incident_notes/IN-99-07.html Cert Incident Notes IN-99-09 Distributed Denial of Service Tools]</ref> Trinoo attacked a single computer from Minnesota University, affected around 227 systems, and became unusable for more than two days.<ref>

[http://www.garykessler.net/library/ddos.html Defenses Against Distributed Denial of Service Attacks]</ref>

[http://www.garykessler.net/library/ddos.html Defenses Against Distributed Denial of Service Attacks]</ref>

On February 2000, a massive DDoS attack paralyzed high profile websites including [[Yahoo]]!, [[Buy.com]], [[eBay]], CNN, [[Amazon.com]], [[ZDNet.com]], E-Trade, and Excite, which together lost an estimated amount of $1.7 billion. A suspect, a Canadian juvenile with the online alias "mafiaboy," was arrested on April of the same year. He pleaded guilty on January 18, 2001 on 56 charges of mischief and illegal use of computer services.<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/hackers/whoare/notable.html E-Commerce Giants Crippled in DDoS Attacks]</ref>

In February, 2000, a massive DDoS attack paralyzed high profile websites including [[Yahoo]]!, [[Buy.com]], [[eBay]], CNN, [[Amazon.com]], [[ZDNet.com]], E-Trade, and Excite, which together lost an estimated amount of $1.7 billion. A suspect, a Canadian juvenile with the online alias "mafiaboy," was arrested on April of the same year. He pleaded guilty on January 18, 2001 on 56 charges of mischief and illegal use of computer services.<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/hackers/whoare/notable.html E-Commerce Giants Crippled in DDoS Attacks]</ref>

Over the years, intruders have used different DDoS tools to affect computer systems:

Over the years, intruders have used different DDoS tools to affect computer systems: