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ICANN's history and the history of the Internet are interlinked, and the mission of ICANN was carried out prior to its formation by volunteers, governmental actors, and academic institutions. The following is an attempt to categorize the history (and prehistory) of ICANN and the Domain Name System into eras. Some eras are defined by technical and technological advances, while others are defined by policy initiatives, structural or operational changes to ICANN org, or a broader thematic push. For instance, the present era involves the globalization of access to and use of the Internet; despite ICANN being committed to the global Internet community from its inception, several trends are converging to make the present moment a fight for global and universal access and acceptance: the [[BRIC]] countries will represent the vast majority of Internet growth in the coming decade; [[Internationalized Domain Name]]s are growing in prominence and the effort to ensure [[universal acceptance]] of alternate language scripts is as well; efforts to nationalize the DNS by China and Russia are forcing a broader conversation about the value and impact of a global Internet; and ICANN itself is aggressively seeking to improve its presence in and outreach to under-represented parts of the world.
 
ICANN's history and the history of the Internet are interlinked, and the mission of ICANN was carried out prior to its formation by volunteers, governmental actors, and academic institutions. The following is an attempt to categorize the history (and prehistory) of ICANN and the Domain Name System into eras. Some eras are defined by technical and technological advances, while others are defined by policy initiatives, structural or operational changes to ICANN org, or a broader thematic push. For instance, the present era involves the globalization of access to and use of the Internet; despite ICANN being committed to the global Internet community from its inception, several trends are converging to make the present moment a fight for global and universal access and acceptance: the [[BRIC]] countries will represent the vast majority of Internet growth in the coming decade; [[Internationalized Domain Name]]s are growing in prominence and the effort to ensure [[universal acceptance]] of alternate language scripts is as well; efforts to nationalize the DNS by China and Russia are forcing a broader conversation about the value and impact of a global Internet; and ICANN itself is aggressively seeking to improve its presence in and outreach to under-represented parts of the world.
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==Overview==
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<timeline>
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DateFormat=mm/dd/yyyy
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Period = from:01/01/1997 till:12/31/2022
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Define $now = 09/24/2021 # Please keep updated
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Define $skip = at:end # Force a blank line
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Define $dayunknown = 15 # what day to use if it's actually not known
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ImageSize= width:1200 height:auto barincrement:30
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TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
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PlotArea = right:10 left:10 bottom:20 top:20
 +
Legend = top:200 orientation:vertical columnwidth:150 left:20
 +
AlignBars = justify
 +
 +
Colors =
 +
    id:bg        value:white
 +
    id:ceo      value:rgb(0.7,0.7,0.7) legend:CEO
 +
    id:chair        value:rgb(1,0.5,0.5) legend:Chairperson
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    id:structure        value:rgb(1,0.6,0.4) legend:Structural_Changes
 +
    id:org        value:rgb(0.4,1,0.4) legend:Organizational_Developments
 +
    id:gtld      value:skyblue legend:TLD_Management
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    id:global      value:rgb(1,0.9,0.9) legend:Global_Growth_&_Inclusion
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    id:interim    value:rgb(0.5,0.5,0.5) legend:Interim_CEO
 +
    id:privacy    value:rgb(0.5,0.2,1) legend:Data_Privacy_&_Security
 +
 +
 +
    id:line      value:rgb(0.2,0.2,0.2)
 +
    id:lightline  value:rgb(0.9,0.9,0.9)
 +
    id:header    value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.9)
 +
    id:lighttext  value:rgb(0.5,0.5,0.5)
 +
 +
BackgroundColors = canvas:bg
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ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:2 gridcolor:lightline start:01/01/1997
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ScaleMinor = unit:month increment:3 start:01/01/1997
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 +
 +
BarData =
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    Bar:CEO
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    Bar:skip
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    Bar:Chair
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    Barset:events
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PlotData=
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    align:center textcolor:black fontsize:L mark:(line,black) shift:(0,-10)
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 +
    color:ceo width:22
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          bar:CEO from:10/01/1998 till:03/15/2001 text:"[[Mike Roberts|Roberts]]"
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          bar:CEO from:03/15/2001 till:03/15/2003 text:"[[Stuart Lynn|Lynn]]"
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          bar:CEO from:03/15/2003 till:06/15/2009 text:"[[Paul Twomey|Twomey]]"
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          bar:CEO from:06/15/2009 till:07/15/2012 text:"[[Rod Beckstrom|Beckstrom]]"
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          bar:CEO from:07/15/2012 till:10/15/2012 color:interim shift:(15,-28) text:"[[Akram Atallah|Atallah*]]"
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          bar:CEO from:10/15/2012 till:03/31/2016 text:"[[Fadi Chehade|Chehade]]"
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          bar:CEO from:04/01/2016 till:05/15/2016 color:interim shift:(15,-28) text:"[[Akram Atallah|Atallah*]]"
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          bar:CEO from:05/15/2016 till:$now        text:"[[Goran Marby|Marby]]"
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          at:$now shift:(0,-28) align:right text:"*Interim Appointments"
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 +
    color:white width:1 mark:(line,white)
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          bar:skip at:end
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 +
    color:chair width:22 mark:(line,black) #We use the last day of the relevant AGM to set start/end dates
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          bar:Chair from:10/01/1998 till:11/16/2000 text:"[[Esther Dyson|Dyson]]"
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          bar:Chair from:11/16/2000 till:11/02/2007 text:"[[Vint Cerf|Cerf]]"
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          bar:Chair from:11/02/2007 till:10/28/2011 text:"[[Peter Dengate Thrush|Thrush]]"
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          bar:Chair from:10/28/2011 till:11/09/2016 text:"[[Steve Crocker|Crocker]]"
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          bar:Chair from:11/09/2016 till:11/08/2019 text:"[[Cherine Chalaby|Chalaby]]"
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          bar:Chair from:11/08/2019 till:$now      text:"[[Maarten Botterman|Botterman]]"
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 +
    barset:events width:22
 +
          color:structure from:01/01/1997 till:10/01/1998 shift:(105) text:"[[ICANN#History: The Beginning|Birth of ICANN]]"
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          color:structure from:12/24/1998 till:09/30/2016 text:"[[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority#IANA Contract|IANA Functions Contract]]"
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          color:gtld from:01/01/1999 till:12/31/1999 shift:(60) text:"[[Testbed Registrars|Testbed]]"
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          color:gtld from:01/01/1999 till:12/31/2008 text:"[[Vertical Integration#History of Vertical Separation|Vertical Separation]]"
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          color:structure from:11/04/1999 till:03/15/2001 align:center text:[[Ad Hoc Group on Future Numbering Requirements|Ad Hoc]]
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          color:structure from:11/15/2001 till:06/26/2003 shift:(185) align:center text:"[[2002 Evolution and Reform Process]]"
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          color:org from:01/01/2007 till:$now text:"[[ICANN Reviews|Infinite Reviews]]"
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          color:gtld from:01/01/2008 till:12/31/2010 shift:(180) text:"[[Vertical Integration|Shift to Vertical Integration]]"
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          color:org from:03/01/2008 till:05/31/2012 align:center text:"[[First GNSO Organizational Review#Implementation|GNSO Goes Bicameral]]"
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          color:org from:01/01/2009 till:$now text:"[[First_Accountability_and_Transparency_Review|Accountability & Transparency]]"
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          color:global from:05/15/2009 till:12/31/2012 text:"[[Root Scaling Study|Scaling the Root]]"
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          color:gtld from:01/12/2012 till:12/31/2017 text:"[[New gTLD Program]]"
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          color:global from:01/01/2013 till:12/31/2018 text:"[[Internationalized Domain Name|Introduction of IDNs]]"
 +
          color:global from:01/01/2015 till:$now text:"[[Global Inclusion Initiatives]]"
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          color:privacy from:01/01/2012 till:$now text:"[[General Data Protection Regulation|GDPR]]"
 +
          color:structure from:10/01/2016 till:$now align:center text:"[[PTI|PTI Created]]"
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          color:org from:01/01/2017 till:$now text:"[[Information Transparency Initiative|Info Transparency Initiative]]"
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          color:org from:01/01/2019 till:$now text:"[[Evolution of the Multistakeholder Model|MSM Evolution]]"
 +
 +
</timeline>
 +
==Key Years==
 
[[ICANN through the Decades|ICANN has grown and changed significantly over the years]]. [[:Category:Internet Pioneers|Many people]] have made contributions throughout their lives to shaping how the Internet and ICANN work. The following is an abbreviated look at the birth of the Internet and the development of ICANN. It should not be taken as a canonical resource regarding ICANN's evolution. Technological and policy initiatives overlap. The boundaries for each era are necessarily fuzzy. Although the effort is to identify themes within the events and history of a given era, there is no guarantee that we have it "right," or that there is a "perfectly correct" representation of a given timeframe.  
 
[[ICANN through the Decades|ICANN has grown and changed significantly over the years]]. [[:Category:Internet Pioneers|Many people]] have made contributions throughout their lives to shaping how the Internet and ICANN work. The following is an abbreviated look at the birth of the Internet and the development of ICANN. It should not be taken as a canonical resource regarding ICANN's evolution. Technological and policy initiatives overlap. The boundaries for each era are necessarily fuzzy. Although the effort is to identify themes within the events and history of a given era, there is no guarantee that we have it "right," or that there is a "perfectly correct" representation of a given timeframe.  
  
Bureaucrats, Check users, lookupuser, Administrators, translator
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