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'''Web Evolution''' is the phases through which the web, the [[Internet]] server system for supporting specially formatted documents, has developed. Web documents are formatted in a markup language called HyperText Markup Language (HTML) that supports links to other documents, graphics, audio, and video files. Thus far, the web has undergone three phases.
'''Web Evolution''' is the phases of development through which the [[Internet]] server system for supporting specially formatted documents (the web) has passed. Web documents are formatted in a markup language called HyperText Markup Language (HTML) that supports links to other documents, graphics, audio, and video files. Thus far, the web has undergone three phases.
==Web 1.0==
==Web 1.0==
Web 1.0 was the first stage of the evolution. It ran roughly from 1990 to 2005 and was about open protocols that were decentralized and community-governed. Most of the value accrued to the edges of the network.<ref>[https://future.a16z.com/why-web3-matters/ Why Web3 Matters, Future, a16z]</ref> There were only a few content creators in Web 1.0, the majority of users were consumers of content. Static, personal web pages hosted on ISP-run web servers or by free web hosting services were common. Content was served from the server’s file system. Advertisements on websites were banned. Users used online digital photography websites to store, share, view, and print digital pictures. In this stage, the web was a content delivery network for showcasing pieces of information on websites. It costs users per pages viewed and relied on directories for users to retrieve a particular piece of information.<ref>[https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/web-1-0-web-2-0-and-web-3-0-with-their-difference/ The differences in Web 1, 2, and 3, Geeks for Geeks]</ref>  
Web 1.0 was the first stage of the evolution. It ran roughly from 1990 to 2005 and was about open protocols that were decentralized and community-governed. Most of the value accrued to the edges of the network.<ref>[https://future.a16z.com/why-web3-matters/ Why Web3 Matters, Future, a16z]</ref> There were only a few content creators in Web 1.0, the majority of users were consumers of content. Static, personal web pages hosted on ISP-run web servers or by free web hosting services were common. Content was served from the server’s file system. Advertisements on websites were banned. Users used online digital photography websites to store, share, view, and print digital pictures. In this stage, the web was a content delivery network for showcasing pieces of information on websites. It costs users per pages viewed and relied on directories for users to retrieve a particular piece of information.<ref>[https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/web-1-0-web-2-0-and-web-3-0-with-their-difference/ The differences in Web 1, 2, and 3, Geeks for Geeks]</ref>  
==Web 2.0==
==Web 2.0==
Web 2.0 encapsulates the current worldwide interoperability of the participative social web. The height of Web 2 ran roughly from 2005 to 2020. It works via siloed, centralized services run by corporations, such as [[ICANN]], and most of the value goes to Google, Apple, Amazon, and Facebook.<ref>[https://future.a16z.com/why-web3-matters/ Why Web3 Matters, Future, a16z]</ref> Web 2.0 is not technologically different from Web 1.0; it is an enhanced version. Web 2.0 refers to the 21st-century Internet applications that transformed the digital era following the dot-com bubble. Its web browser technologies include AJAX and JavaScript frameworks. It permits the collective retrieval and classification of information and dynamic, user-responsive content which flows between the site owner and site users often through evaluation and online commenting. Web 2.0 is characterized by many online tools, platforms, and applications that encourage end-user interaction, such as podcasting, blogging, tagging, RSS curating, social bookmarking, networking, media, and content voting.<ref>[https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/web-20.asp Web 2.0, Investopedia]</ref>
Web 2.0, coined/popularized by Tim O’Reilly between 1999 and 2004, describes the move from static desktop web pages designed for information consumption to interactive experiences and user-generated content due to mobile, social, and cloud innovations.<ref>[https://medium.com/fabric-ventures/what-is-web-3-0-why-it-matters-934eb07f3d2b What is Web3 and Why Does It Matter, Max Mersch and Richard Muirhead, Fabric Ventures, Medium]</ref> The concept encapsulates the current worldwide interoperability of the participative social web. The height of Web 2 ran roughly from 2005 to 2020. It works via siloed, centralized services run by corporations, such as [[ICANN]], and most of the value goes to Google, Apple, Amazon, and Facebook.<ref>[https://future.a16z.com/why-web3-matters/ Why Web3 Matters, Future, a16z]</ref> Web 2.0 is not technologically different from Web 1.0; it is an enhanced version. Web 2.0 refers to the 21st-century Internet applications that transformed the digital era following the dot-com bubble. Its web browser technologies include AJAX and JavaScript frameworks. It permits the collective retrieval and classification of information and dynamic, user-responsive content which flows between the site owner and site users often through evaluation and online commenting. Web 2.0 is characterized by many online tools, platforms, and applications that encourage end-user interaction, such as podcasting, blogging, tagging, RSS curating, social bookmarking, networking, media, and content voting.<ref>[https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/web-20.asp Web 2.0, Investopedia]</ref>
===Innovations===
Innovations included mobile, social media, and cloud development
 
==Web 3.0==
==Web 3.0==
Web 3.0 began in 2021 and refers to the novel development of the backend of the web, as opposed to Web 2.0, which focuses on the frontend. The web3 era combines the decentralized, community-governed ethos of web 1.0 with the modern functionality of web 2. Web 3 is the internet owned by the builders and users and orchestrated with tokens.<ref>[https://twitter.com/packyM Packy McCormick]</ref> Data may not be owned but shared. Web 3 has been called the "[[Semantic Technolog|Semantic]] Web," because it necessitates the use of a declarative ontological language to produce domain-specific ontologies that machines can use to reason about information and make new conclusions, not simply match keywords.<ref>[https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/web-1-0-web-2-0-and-web-3-0-with-their-difference/ The differences in Web 1, 2, and 3, Geeks for Geeks]</ref> In Web 3.0, computers should be able to distinguish information to provide faster, more relevant results. The 3D design is also part of 3.0 websites and services. Information will be more connected due to semantic metadata, content will be accessible by multiple applications, and with [[IoT]], every device can become connected to the web. Web3 research focuses on provable security, cryptography, and privacy; consensus and optimization of decentralised algorithms; cryptoeconomics and game theory; networking; and behavioral economics.<ref>[https://research.web3.foundation/en/latest/ Research, Web3 Foundation]</ref>
Web 3.0 (Web3) is the concept of completely decentralizing the web by building it on a set of tools such as blockchain, blockchain-based naming systems, and a distributed storage solution such as the peer-to-peer hypermedia protocol Interplanetary File System41 (IPFS).<ref>[https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/web2-vs-web3/ Web2 vs Web 3, Ethereum White Papers] Accessed May 19, 2022]</ref>
 
Web 3.0 began in 2021 and refers to the novel development of the backend of the web, as opposed to Web 2.0, which focuses on the frontend. The web3 era combines the decentralized, community-governed ethos of web 1.0 with the modern functionality of web 2. Web 3 is the internet owned by the builders and users and orchestrated with tokens.<ref>[https://twitter.com/packyM Packy McCormick]</ref> Data may not be owned but shared. Web 3 has been called the "[[Semantic Technology|Semantic]] Web," because it necessitates the use of a declarative ontological language to produce domain-specific ontologies that machines can use to reason about information and make new conclusions, not simply match keywords.<ref>[https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/web-1-0-web-2-0-and-web-3-0-with-their-difference/ The differences in Web 1, 2, and 3, Geeks for Geeks]</ref> In Web 3.0, computers should be able to distinguish information to provide faster, more relevant results. The 3D design is also part of 3.0 websites and services. Information will be more connected due to semantic metadata, the content will be accessible by multiple applications, and with [[IoT]], every device can become connected to the web. Web3 research focuses on provable security, cryptography, and privacy; consensus and optimization of decentralized algorithms; crypto-economics and game theory; networking; and behavioral economics.<ref>[https://research.web3.foundation/en/latest/ Research, Web3 Foundation]</ref>
 
===Innovations===
Innovations have included [[blockchain]], [[digital wallet]]s, non-fungible tokens ([[NFT]]s), and the concept of a [[metaverse]]. Solutions based on a new DNS resource record type or specific use of the URI RR type for Distributed Identifiers may permit the storage of arbitrary objects and thus associate DNS names with wallets, NFTs, and other blockchain objects. Such an option could include a scoping parameter to include a layer of indirection, pointing a DNS domain to a blockchain domain and specifying which blockchain to use.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/octo-034-27apr22-en.pdf OCTO-034, ICANN Files]</ref>
 
=== De/Centralization===
There are three types of de/centralization. Architectural (de)centralization concerns how many physical computers comprise a system and How many can break down without breaking the system at any single time. Political (de)centralization describes how many individuals and organizations control the computers that comprise the system. Logical (de)centralization refers to whether a system's interface and data structures look more like a single monolithic object or swarm.<ref>[https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/the-meaning-of-decentralization-a0c92b76a274 The Meaning of Decentralization, Buterin, Medium, Feb 6, 2017] Accessed May 19, 2022</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable" style="vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#FFF; color:#333;"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! Centralized Systems
! Decentralized Systems<ref>[https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/web2-vs-web3/#centralization-vs-decentralization Centralization vs Decentralization, Web2 vs Web3, Ethereum White Papers] Accessed May 19, 2022</ref>
|-
| Low network diameter; information propagates quickly
| Information broadcast from one side of the network may take a long time to reach the other side
|-
| higher throughput, fewer total computational resources expended, easier to implement
| lower throughput, more total computational resources expended, more complex to implement
|-
| clear and easy resolution of conflicting data
| complex protocols are needed for dispute resolution over the state of data that are meant to be synchronized
|-
| Single point of failure
| network can function even if many participants are attacked
|-
| Coordination among network participants; central authority can compel them to adopt protocol updates
| Coordination is difficult, as no one has the final say, and the network is prone to fracturing over disagreements about protocol changes
|-
| A central authority can censor data and cut off parts of the network from the rest.
| Censorship is harder, as information has many ways to propagate across the network
|-
| the central authority controls participation
| Anyone can participate in the network, no gatekeepers, low cost of participation
|}
 
===Industry Questions===
====Is Brand Protection Possible?====
In July 2022, [[Tom Barrett]], of [[EnCirca]], released the domain name industry’s first Web3 trademark search engine, called [https://altroots.com/ AltRoots.com]
====Is Web3 Regulation Possible?====
 
==References==
==References==


[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Web3]]

Latest revision as of 17:08, 14 July 2022

Web Evolution is the phases of development through which the Internet server system for supporting specially formatted documents (the web) has passed. Web documents are formatted in a markup language called HyperText Markup Language (HTML) that supports links to other documents, graphics, audio, and video files. Thus far, the web has undergone three phases.

Web 1.0[edit | edit source]

Web 1.0 was the first stage of the evolution. It ran roughly from 1990 to 2005 and was about open protocols that were decentralized and community-governed. Most of the value accrued to the edges of the network.[1] There were only a few content creators in Web 1.0, the majority of users were consumers of content. Static, personal web pages hosted on ISP-run web servers or by free web hosting services were common. Content was served from the server’s file system. Advertisements on websites were banned. Users used online digital photography websites to store, share, view, and print digital pictures. In this stage, the web was a content delivery network for showcasing pieces of information on websites. It costs users per pages viewed and relied on directories for users to retrieve a particular piece of information.[2]

Web 2.0[edit | edit source]

Web 2.0, coined/popularized by Tim O’Reilly between 1999 and 2004, describes the move from static desktop web pages designed for information consumption to interactive experiences and user-generated content due to mobile, social, and cloud innovations.[3] The concept encapsulates the current worldwide interoperability of the participative social web. The height of Web 2 ran roughly from 2005 to 2020. It works via siloed, centralized services run by corporations, such as ICANN, and most of the value goes to Google, Apple, Amazon, and Facebook.[4] Web 2.0 is not technologically different from Web 1.0; it is an enhanced version. Web 2.0 refers to the 21st-century Internet applications that transformed the digital era following the dot-com bubble. Its web browser technologies include AJAX and JavaScript frameworks. It permits the collective retrieval and classification of information and dynamic, user-responsive content which flows between the site owner and site users often through evaluation and online commenting. Web 2.0 is characterized by many online tools, platforms, and applications that encourage end-user interaction, such as podcasting, blogging, tagging, RSS curating, social bookmarking, networking, media, and content voting.[5]

Innovations[edit | edit source]

Innovations included mobile, social media, and cloud development

Web 3.0[edit | edit source]

Web 3.0 (Web3) is the concept of completely decentralizing the web by building it on a set of tools such as blockchain, blockchain-based naming systems, and a distributed storage solution such as the peer-to-peer hypermedia protocol Interplanetary File System41 (IPFS).[6]

Web 3.0 began in 2021 and refers to the novel development of the backend of the web, as opposed to Web 2.0, which focuses on the frontend. The web3 era combines the decentralized, community-governed ethos of web 1.0 with the modern functionality of web 2. Web 3 is the internet owned by the builders and users and orchestrated with tokens.[7] Data may not be owned but shared. Web 3 has been called the "Semantic Web," because it necessitates the use of a declarative ontological language to produce domain-specific ontologies that machines can use to reason about information and make new conclusions, not simply match keywords.[8] In Web 3.0, computers should be able to distinguish information to provide faster, more relevant results. The 3D design is also part of 3.0 websites and services. Information will be more connected due to semantic metadata, the content will be accessible by multiple applications, and with IoT, every device can become connected to the web. Web3 research focuses on provable security, cryptography, and privacy; consensus and optimization of decentralized algorithms; crypto-economics and game theory; networking; and behavioral economics.[9]

Innovations[edit | edit source]

Innovations have included blockchain, digital wallets, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and the concept of a metaverse. Solutions based on a new DNS resource record type or specific use of the URI RR type for Distributed Identifiers may permit the storage of arbitrary objects and thus associate DNS names with wallets, NFTs, and other blockchain objects. Such an option could include a scoping parameter to include a layer of indirection, pointing a DNS domain to a blockchain domain and specifying which blockchain to use.[10]

De/Centralization[edit | edit source]

There are three types of de/centralization. Architectural (de)centralization concerns how many physical computers comprise a system and How many can break down without breaking the system at any single time. Political (de)centralization describes how many individuals and organizations control the computers that comprise the system. Logical (de)centralization refers to whether a system's interface and data structures look more like a single monolithic object or swarm.[11]

Centralized Systems Decentralized Systems[12]
Low network diameter; information propagates quickly Information broadcast from one side of the network may take a long time to reach the other side
higher throughput, fewer total computational resources expended, easier to implement lower throughput, more total computational resources expended, more complex to implement
clear and easy resolution of conflicting data complex protocols are needed for dispute resolution over the state of data that are meant to be synchronized
Single point of failure network can function even if many participants are attacked
Coordination among network participants; central authority can compel them to adopt protocol updates Coordination is difficult, as no one has the final say, and the network is prone to fracturing over disagreements about protocol changes
A central authority can censor data and cut off parts of the network from the rest. Censorship is harder, as information has many ways to propagate across the network
the central authority controls participation Anyone can participate in the network, no gatekeepers, low cost of participation

Industry Questions[edit | edit source]

Is Brand Protection Possible?[edit | edit source]

In July 2022, Tom Barrett, of EnCirca, released the domain name industry’s first Web3 trademark search engine, called AltRoots.com

Is Web3 Regulation Possible?[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Why Web3 Matters, Future, a16z
  2. ↑ The differences in Web 1, 2, and 3, Geeks for Geeks
  3. ↑ What is Web3 and Why Does It Matter, Max Mersch and Richard Muirhead, Fabric Ventures, Medium
  4. ↑ Why Web3 Matters, Future, a16z
  5. ↑ Web 2.0, Investopedia
  6. ↑ Web2 vs Web 3, Ethereum White Papers Accessed May 19, 2022]
  7. ↑ Packy McCormick
  8. ↑ The differences in Web 1, 2, and 3, Geeks for Geeks
  9. ↑ Research, Web3 Foundation
  10. ↑ OCTO-034, ICANN Files
  11. ↑ The Meaning of Decentralization, Buterin, Medium, Feb 6, 2017 Accessed May 19, 2022
  12. ↑ Centralization vs Decentralization, Web2 vs Web3, Ethereum White Papers Accessed May 19, 2022
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