Policy Development Process for New gTLD Subsequent Procedures

Policy Development Process for New gTLD Subsequent Procedures
Status:	Active
Issue Areas:	New gTLDs
Date Established:	January 2016
Charter:	WG Charter
Workspace:	Community Wiki

In 2012, the new Generic Top-Level Domains (TLDs) Program opened to applicants interested in being part of the unprecedented increase in the number of new gTLDs. During this round, 1930 applications were received and 1239 new gTLDs have been delegated as of March 2021.

The process leading up to this expansion of the DNS Root Zone was no easy task. It began back in ICANN’s infancy. In 1999, ICANN instructed the DNSO to form a Working Group (Working Group C) to examine if new generic top-level domains should be introduced. Prior to this, there were only 7 gTLDs and one special TLD (.arpa), plus a long-list of ccTLDs. After deliberation, the WG concluded that ICANN should add new gTLDs to the root zone, with a preliminary round of 6-10 new TLDs, followed by an evaluation period. The WG’s findings were accepted and ICANN carried out the first round of introducing new gTLDs in 2000, followed by an evaluation period. This was then followed by another round of gTLD expansion in 2003 and 2004, increasing the number of gTLDs to 22.

In 2005, Following the successful implementation of these two trial expansion rounds, the GNSO developed an Issues Report to determine whether or not to continue introducing new gTLDs and recommended Policy Development Process (PDP). With community input, including the “GAC Principles Regarding New gTLDs,, the GNSO released its Final Report on the Introduction of New Generic Top-Level Domains in 2007. The recommendations in the Final Report were adopted by the ICANN board in 2008. After further policy development work, the Applicant Guidebook (AGB) and the new gTLD Program were approved by the ICANN Board in 2011. The New gTLD Program launched in January 2012.

ICANN stated the intention to introduce new application rounds of gTLDs on an ongoing basis after the first round. The AGB explains that the timing of future application rounds would be based on the “experience gained and changes required” after the completion of the first round. After the application period closed, the GNSO created a Discussion Group (DG) to evaluate the first round of applications and use experiences to identify potential areas for policy development for subsequent rounds. The DG submitted its Final Issue Report in December 2015 After review, the GNSO Council initiated the New gTLD Subsequent Procedures Policy Development Process Working Group in January 2016.

During ICANN 76, the ICANN Board adopted 98 recommendations contained in the New gTLD Subsequent Procedures Policy Development Process Final Report, setting in motion the implementation process for the next round of new generic top-level domains.

Foundational Documents

The Working Group's Final Report on New gTLD Subsequent Procedures makes extensive reference to the following documents:

• The GNSO's 2007 Report on the Introduction of New gTLDs;
• The Program Implementation Review Report (PDF), last revised in January 2016;
• The Applicant Guidebook;
• ICANN's Bylaws; and
• ICANN's Registry Agreement

Deference to other ACs, SOs, and PDPs

The scope of the Working Group was substantial and had the potential to cross into territory being separately investigated by other PDP working groups. For example, the SubPro Working Group declined to engage with intellectual property issues, to avoid duplication of effort with the Policy Development Process to Review All Rights Protection Mechanisms in All gTLDs. The Working Group also identified possible overlaps in scope with the Cross Community Working Group on Enhancing ICANN Accountability and endeavored to ensure that they were not overstepping their charter in such areas. The Working Group also deferred to the decision making of the Universal Acceptance Steering Group on the topic of internationalized domain names.

Working Group Tracks and Output

The WG for the New gTLD Subsequent Procedures PDP was tasked with determining what, if any, changes to policy were required from those adopted pursuant to the GNSO’s 2007 report and recommendations. The Final Issue report identified a broad range of topics and issues for discussion. Initially, four work tracks (WTs) were established to divide the issues into subject areas. In 2018, a fifth work track was initiated to examine the issue of geographic names at the top level.

• WT1 - Overall Process, Support, and Outreach
• WT2 - Legal/Regulatory/Contractual Obligations
• WT3 - String Contention/Objections and Disputes
• WT4 - Internationalized Domain Names, Technical/Operational Issues
• WT5 - Geographic Names at the Top Level

WT1: Overall Process, Support & Outreach

Work Track 1 focused on applicant support, outreach, and process concerns. Key topics included applicant support, clarity of application process, application fees, and equity issues.

WT2: Legal, Regulatory, & Contractual Obligations

Work Track 2 focused on reserved names, the base registry agreement, a refined policy for implementation of registrant safeguards, and conceptualizing how the global public interest might be represented, defended, or addressed in policy-making around new gTLDs.

WT3: String Contention, Objections, & Disputes

Work Track 3 focused on a review of the processes and engagement with string contention and objections to applications. It also addressed issues related to PICDRP and RRDRP, the two established dispute resolution procedures from the New gTLD Program that do not involve intellectual property.

WT4: Internationalized Domain Names, Technical & Operational Issues

Work Track 4 addressed internationalized domain names and engaged in a review of applicant requirements related to technical, financial, and operational concerns.

WT5: Geographic Names at the Top Level

WT5 utilized a shared leadership model, with co-leaders from ALAC, GAC, ccNSO, and GNSO. The subject of geographic names was a topic of much discussion at ICANN 59, with two cross-community sessions. The Working Group submitted this work track's final report as an annex to their final report, without amendment. Although the Work Track examined a variety of issues related to inconsistencies between the AGB and the GNSO's 2007 Report guidance, it was unable to reach consensus on any changes to the policies outlined in the Applicant Guidebook. The Final Report of the Work Track concluded in part:

After extensive discussion, the Work Track was unable to agree to recommendations that depart from the 2012 implementation, which it has considered the baseline throughout deliberations. Therefore, it recommends updating the GNSO policy to be consistent with the 2012 Applicant Guidebook and largely maintaining the Applicant Guidebook provisions for subsequent procedures. This brings GNSO policy in line with implementation, which the Work Track considers a significant achievement given the diversity of perspectives on this issue and the challenges in finding a compromise acceptable to all parties.

Final Report and Recommendations

The Working Group's Final Report was submitted to the GNSO Council on January 20, 2021. The Council approved the Final Report and submitted its "Final Outputs for ICANN Board Consideration" to the ICANN Board on February 2, 2021.

Central Recommendations and Themes

Predictability Framework and SPIRT

The report emphasizes the need for consistent, predictable outcomes for application and dispute procedures. The Working Group recommended the adoption of a Predictability Framework (contained in Annex E of the Final Report), as well as the creation of a Standing Predictability Implementation Review Team (SPIRT, pronounced "spirit") to monitor, assess, and propose resolutions to situations that might impact the operation of the New gTLD Program. The Predictability Framework identifies a limited number of such situations, including changes in ICANN's operations, changes to policies related to or affecting the New gTLD Program, and new policy proposals that may affect the program. Under the guidance, emergency decisions that may impact the program should be "narrowly tailored to address the emergency situation." The Working Group recommended the maintenance of a change log, so that the GNSO and applicants may be kept apprised of changes to the program. In addition, the WG proposed an amendment to the refund procedure so that applicants who are adversely affected by policy changes may withdraw and receive a refund of fees. In its rationale for these proposals, the WG noted:

Applicants and other parties interested in the New gTLD Program, however, believed that there were a number of changes that were made after the commencement of the 2012 program which hindered the program’s predictability. Therefore, the Working Charter asked the Working Group to consider the question, “How can changes to the program be introduced after launch (e.g., digital archery/prioritization issues, name collision, registry agreement changes, public interest commitments (PICs), etc.) be avoided?” In addition, the ICANN Board commented that “The Board is concerned about unanticipated issues that might arise and what mechanism should be used in such cases.”
The Predictability Framework intends to address the concerns raised in the Charter and by the ICANN Board by creating an efficient, independent mechanism to analyze and manage issues that arise in the New gTLD Program after the Applicant Guidebook is approved which may result in changes to the program and its supporting processes. The recommendations from this Working Group are intended and expected to lessen the likelihood of unaccounted for issues in the future, but this framework is a recognition that despite best efforts, some issues may be missed and circumstances may simply change over time.

Publicized and Predictable Timeframes for New Rounds

Many of the recommendations address the substantial length of time between the first application round and the present. The Working Group recommends not waiting for all outstanding applications to resolve before launching a new application round, and provides guidelines for new applications for strings that were involved in a previous round, but not delegated. The report also recommends that any policy alterations for an upcoming round should not be retroactive to prior rounds if the application period for that prior round has passed.

Registry Service Provider Pre-Evaluation

Acknowledging that some applicants applied for hundreds of strings, and were obligated to pass separate evaluations for each string, the Working Group recommended an optional pre-evaluation process for Registry Service Providers (RSP). This evaluation would be the same as the evaluation that would normally take place during the application process.

• RSPs would bear the economic cost of pre-approval - the Implementation Review Team to determine the appropriate fees;
• Applicants for strings could elect to apply using a pre-approved RSP;
• "The only difference between a pre-evaluated RSP and one that is evaluated during the application process is the timing of when the evaluation and testing takes place."

Minimal Changes to Registry Voluntary Commitments ("Voluntary PICs")

The enforcement of Registry Voluntary Commitments was a subject of much discussion at ICANN 70. The SubPro Working Group's guidance on the subject largely maintains the status quo regarding the use of RVCs by applicants. The WG did recommend expanding the jurisdiction of the PICDRP to expressly incorporate Registry Voluntary Commitments. On page 49, in response to the ICANN Board's follow-up query regarding ICANN's Bylaws (which have changed since the 2012 round); the WG provided this explanation:

To the extent that some registries will want to make voluntary commitments in response to public comments, Government Early Warnings, GAC Advice, etc., it is understood by the Working Group that having these commitments reflected in Registry Agreements even if they fall outside of ICANN’s core mission is consistent with the Bylaws where neither ICANN itself nor any third party under ICANN’s control is required to pass judgment on ‘content’. In such cases, it is understood that using an independent third party as an arbiter to determine whether there has been a violation of the commitment would be consistent with ICANN’s mission even if ICANN were ultimately required to rely on that third party decision to enforce a pre-arranged contractual remedy, which could include sanctions and/or termination of the Registry Agreement.

Failure to Achieve Consensus

Closed Generics

The Working Group was unable to come to an agreement on the handling of closed (aka exclusive) generic TLDs.

Resolution of Contention Sets

Also notable among the outputs of the final report was a failure to achieve consensus on two issues within Topic 35 - Auctions: Mechanisms of Last Resort / Private Resolution of Contention Sets. Recommendations 35.2 and 35.4 received "Strong Support but Significant Opposition" designations. As a result, the Council approved the other recommendations but declined to submit the two contested recommendations to the board.

• Recommendation 35.2 would have subjected all private resolutions of contention sets (including private auctions) to the "Contention Resolution Transparency Requirements" contained in Recommendation 35.5. The requirements would obligate all parties of interest participating in a private resolution process to report their interest to ICANN within 72 hours of the resolution of the contention set.
• Recommendation 35.4 would have mandated that ICANN auctions of last resort "must be conducted using the second-price auction method," and proposed additional procedures (including a period of time for competing applicants to resolve the contention set privately) for ICANN auctions.

Those opposed to the adoption of the recommendations in Topic 35 were opposed to the use of private auctions as a mechanism of resolving contention sets. They stated that ICANN should prohibit private auctions and that the protections proposed by the working group under Topic 35 were insufficient to prevent another round of "profiteering" off of failed applications for gTLD strings.

Summary Table of Recommendations & Affirmations of Procedures

Topic	Status Quo	Recommendation
1 - Continuing Subsequent Procedures	Systematized manner of applying for gTLDs; ongoing, orderly, timely, and predictable administration of application program; primary purposes of new gTLDs are to foster diversity, encourage competition, and enhance the utility of the DNS	Affirm and continue principles and purposes of the program
2 - Predictability	No mechanism to deal with changes in procedures after initiation of the first new gTLD round	Establish a Predictability Framework as described in Annex E to the Final Report; establish a Standing Predictability Implementation Review Team (SPIRT)
3 - Applications Assessed in Rounds	Applications must initially be assessed in rounds until the scale of demand is clear	Affirm the commitment to rounds of applications; remove "until the scale of demand is clear;" create clear and transparent criteria for initiation of subsequent rounds
4 - Different TLD Types	Application types were identified based on specific programmatic needs, and corresponding program elements associated with these types were developed to meet the needs established.	Affirm the separation of applications into types based on either the application type, the string type, or the applicant type; create different application types only when exceptional circumstances merit differentiation
5 - Application Submission Limits	No limits on the number of applications in total and from any particular firm or entity	Affirm existing implementation
6 - Registry Service Provider (RSP) Pre-evaluation	"[W]here a single RSP provided registry services for multiple TLD applications in the 2012 application round, the RSP was subject to duplicative evaluation and testing (in some cases hundreds of times)."	Allow for optional pre-evaluation program for Registry Service Providers
7 - Metrics and Monitoring	No structured collection of data	Implementation team to determine relevant metrics and means of measuring them, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the New gTLD program in meeting the goals of fostering diversity, encouraging competition, and enhancing the utility of the DNS; consider inputs/collaborate with the CCT1 review team.
8 - Conflicts of Interest	Insufficient provisions in place to effectively guard against conflict of interest among dispute resolution provider panelists, the Independent Objector, and application evaluators	Develop a transparent process to ensure that program decision makers are free of conflicts of interest
9 - Registry Voluntary Commitments/Public Interest Commitments	Specification 11 PICs were implemented in 2012 during the launch of the application round; the mandatory PICs contained in Specification 11 were not actually codified in policy	Affirm and continue the mandatory PICs as implemented in 2012; allow exemptions/waivers for certain applicants (e.g. single registrant gTLDs); affirm and continue the NGPC policies for strings applicable to highly sensitive or regulated industries; maintain the policy of allowing applicants to adopt Registry Voluntary Commitments (previously referred to as voluntary PICs)
10 - Applicant Freedom of Expression	2007 Final Report stated that the string evaluation process "must not infringe the applicant's freedom of expression rights;" but "strings must not infringe the legal rights of others"	Affirm and continue these principles.
11 - Universal Acceptance	Universal Acceptance Initiative & Steering Group working toward awareness and implementation of standards for universal acceptance	Affirm and continue to emphasize the importance of UA; provide applicants with information on UA issues and risks for ASCII and IDN strings
12 - Applicant Guidebook	Applicant Guidebook was the bible for applicants and decision-makers	Affirm and continue the use of the AGB; provide AGB in all six UN languages; publish the final version in English at least 4 months prior to the opening of an application round
13 - Communications	2007 Final Report emphasized the need for ICANN to frequently communicate with applicants and the community; establish mechanisms through which communications could occur in languages other than English	Affirm these recommendations; general "do better" recommendations
14 - Systems	Systems for applicant interactions were put in place during the 2012 implementation	"Recommendations and implementation guidance aimed at improving usability and user experience seek to minimize unnecessary logistical barriers to completing the application process. The Working Group further emphasizes security and stability to ensure that trust with potential applicants is maintained and users have a high-level of confidence that data is being handled safely and appropriately."
15 - Application Fees	One base fee for all applications	Affirm the single base fee concept; propose a "technical evaluation" fee for applicants that are not using a pre-evaluated RSP; program should assess fees on a cost-recovery basis, and consider refunds or credits if fees are over-collected
16 - Applications Submission Period	3-month application window	Recommend an application period of no less than 12 weeks and no more than 15 weeks
17 - Applicant Support	Fee reductions for approved applicants	Recommend the continuation and expansion of fee reduction offerings; improve outreach, awareness-raising, application evaluation; and program evaluation elements; create a separate Implementation Team for Applicant Support issues and recommendations
18 - Terms & Conditions	2012 Terms & Conditions	Revise Section 3 of the 2012 Terms & Conditions to state that the rationale for rejecting an application must stem from a provision of the Applicant Guidebook; reasons that include confidential information from the applicant will not be published (or will be redacted); Include a covenant not to sue (Section 6 of the 2012 T&C) only if the appeals/challenge mechanisms recommended in Topic 32 are implemented; refund application fees in the event of substantial changes to AGB, or determination that an applied-for string creates a risk of name collisions
19 - Application Queueing	Random draw for application processing	Affirm and continue the use of a "prioritization draw"
20 - Application Change Requests	High-level, criteria-based change request process	Affirm and maintain a high-level, criteria-based change request process; provide guidance on change requests likely to be approved or denied; identify change requests that would require a re-evaluation of some or all of the aspects of the application; document the types of changes that would require an operational comment period (with examples of such changes); allow changes based on business combinations or joint ventures which resolve string contention sets; allow .brand TLD applications to change the applied-for string to avoid string contention sets (under certain parameters)
21 - Reserved Names	2007 Final Report & 2012 round implemented various procedures and policies regarding reserved strings	Affirm and continue a system of reserving words that may not be applied for; Work Track 5 worked on the subject of Geographic Names at the Top Level (Annex J of the Final Report)
22 - Registrant Protections	Technical, operational, and financial continuity protections were established, including EBERO	Affirm and maintain protections; provide TLDs that are exempt from the Registry Agreement Code of Conduct (such as .brand TLDs) with an exemption to the Continued Operations Instrument requirement contained within the registrant protective provisions
23 - Closed Generics (aka Exclusive Generics)	No closed generics were delegated in the 2012 round	No agreement on the appropriate policy measures for closed gTLDs. "The Working Group believes that if this issue were to be considered in future policy work, it should also involve experts in the areas of competition law, public policy, and economics. In addition, it should be performed by those in the community that are not associated with any past, present, or expectations of future work in connection with new gTLD applications or objections to new gTLD applications. Absent such independence, any future work is unlikely to result in an outcome any different than the one achieved in this Working Group."
24 - String Similarity Evaluations	2012 AGB: "'similar' means 'strings so similar that they create a probability of user confusion if more than one of the strings is delegated into the root zone.' Established criteria for visual similarity.	Affirm and continue the baseline standard & visual criteria from 2012; increase clarity on the evaluation of similarity of singular/plural versions of strings, which led to some unpredictability and confusion in 2012; set a deadline for string confusion objections
25 - Internationalized Domain Names	Allowed IDN applications and required consistency with root zone label generation rules	Affirm and continue the processing of IDN applications and the use of RZ-LGR; consider the use of single-character TLDs in cases where the character is an ideogram or ideograph; allow IDN variant TLDs for existing or applied-for strings only if the strings are applied for / operated by the same registry.
26 - Security and Stability	Strings must not cause instability	Affirm and continue existing principles; shift focus on the rate of change to monthly growth of the root zone (with implementation guidance around acceptable rates of change in a month), rather than delegated strings per year; "Emoji in domain names, at any level, must not be allowed"
27 - Applicant Reviews: Technical & Operational, Financial, and Registry Services	2007 Policy established technical, capability, criteria for evaluation and assessment	Affirm and maintain principles from 2007; Evaluation scores on all criteria should be limited to pass/fail (1/0); be as precise as possible to limit clarifying questions; publish all clarifying questions and responses; adjust 2012 evaluation so that applicants are not required to submit their full Security Policy; limit technical & operational evaluation if applicant opts to use a pre-evaluated RSP; simplify financial evaluation to ensure that the applicant can sustain long-term operations without imposing a "one size fits all" set of criteria
28 - Role of Application Comment	2012 round allowed for a public comment period on each evaluation, and such public comments could affect the scoring of the application	Affirm and continue the practice of soliciting community comments and the possibility that comments will impact scores; be transparent and consistent in explaining the impact of comment submission, the process of accepting comments, and the opportunities for applicants to respond; ensure that commenters validate an email address before commenting, and make best efforts to verify the commenter's identity; require commenters to reveal affiliations with the applicant; Emphasize ease of use in comment submission and allow attachments to comments; allow comments on confidential portions of the application, or submissions of confidential material, and allow applicants to respond under the same shield of confidentiality
29 - Name Collisions	New gTLD Collision Occurrence Management framework	Affirm and continue use of the current collision management framework unless and until the ICANN Board approves a new one; ICANN must have a mechanism in place to evaluate the risk of name collisions prior to the launch of the application period
30 - GAC Consensus Advice and GAC Early Warning	ICANN Bylaws cover consensus advice; 2012 AGB: “Concurrent with the [public] comment period, ICANN’s Governmental Advisory Committee (GAC) may issue a GAC Early Warning notice concerning an application. This provides the applicant with an indication that the application is seen as potentially sensitive or problematic by one or more governments.”	Consensus advice should be submitted to the Board prior to the finalization of the Applicant Guidebook for a given round; replace the "strong presumption that an application will be rejected" language from the AGB with a description of the voting threshold for the ICANN Board to reject consensus advice; either permit GAC Early Warnings within the application comment period, or specifically define a timeframe in which GAC Early Warnings may be submitted; permit applicants to submit changes to their application in response to consensus advice or early warnings
31 - Objections	2007 Policy established objection mechanisms, rationales, and criteria for assessment of objections	"The Working Group affirms the overall approach to the public objection and dispute resolution process described in Section 3.2 of the 2012 Applicant Guidebook, subject to the recommendations below. The Working Group further affirms that parties with standing should continue to be able to file formal objections with designated third-party dispute resolution providers on specific applications based on the following grounds: (i) String Confusion Objection (ii) Existing Legal Rights Objection (iii) Limited Public Interest Objection (iv) Community Objection;" Affirms the role of the Independent Objector, subject to incorporation of conflict of interest protections; transparent and clear process & explainers for objection proceedings; expand "quick look" process to allow dismissal of of "frivolous and/or abusive objections;" allow applicants to amend application or adopt RVCs to address and resolve objections; reduce risk of varying outcomes in string confusion objections (specific guidance provided)
32 - Limited Challenge/Appeal Mechanism	ICANN Accountability measures, and in particular Reconsideration, were available to applicants	"The Working Group recommends that ICANN establish a mechanism that allows specific parties to challenge or appeal certain types of actions or inactions that appear to be inconsistent with the Applicant Guidebook;" establish clear procedures and rules for use of the mechanism; apply a "clearly erroneous" standard to all appeals except conflict of interest appeals, which will be reviewed de novo; remedies, process and other suggested rules are detailed in Annex F of the Final Report
33 - Dispute Resolution Procedures After Delegation	PICDRP and RRDRP	Affirm and continue the PICDRP and RRDRP; enhance, clarify, and better define guidance on the scope and uses of those appeal processes; Working Group declined to issue a recommendation on the Trademark Post-Delegation Dispute Resolution Procedure, as that was being reviewed by the PDP Review of All Rights Protection Mechanisms in All gTLDs
34 - Community Applications	Community Priority Evaluation process to give priority to applicants who submit a community application	Affirm and continue the CPE process, with several amendments to the Applicant Guidebook delineating the rules of that process; Selection of CPE provider, and portions of the contract with the CPE provider that describe or provide specifications of the CPE process, should be public and subject to public comment; CPE procedures must be finalized and published prior to the start of the application period; amend AGB to set parameters around independent research by CPE provider: "The Community Priority Evaluation Panel may perform independent research deemed necessary to evaluate the application (the 'Limited Research'), provided, however, that the evaluator shall disclose the results of such Limited Research to the applicant and the applicant shall have an opportunity to respond. The applicant shall be provided 30 days to respond before the evaluation decision is rendered. When conducting any such Limited Research, panelists are cautioned not to assume an advocacy role either for or against the applicant or application."
35 - Auctions: Mechanisms of Last Resort / Private Resolution of Contention Sets	Auction of Last Resort mechanism	Affirm and expand the means by which applicants may resolve contention sets, including business combinations or joint ventures, as well as auctions of last resort; applicants must affirmatively attest to a bona fide intention to operate a registry for the applied-for string; utilize the second-price auction method for ICANN auctions, with additional recommendations for rules and procedure; introduce "Contention Resolution Transparency Requirements"
36 - Base Registry Agreement	Single Base Registry Agreement with Specifications	Affirm the use of a single base agreement with specifications; Affirm many recommendations and implementation guidelines from the 2007 policy; create a clearer, more transparent, and more predictable way to apply for, negotiate, and obtain exemptions to certain provisions of the base RA based on the unique circumstances of the operation of a particular registry; ICANN must add a covenant that the registry operator will not engage in "fraudulent or deceptive practices"
37 - Registrar Non-Discrimination & Registry/Registrar Standardization	Registries must use ICANN accredited registrars, and may not discriminate between them	Affirm with modifications permitting a registry to request an exemption, subject to public comment
38 - Registrar Support for New gTLDs	Registrars may choose which gTLDs to carry	Affirm
39 - Registry System Testing	No current method	ICANN must develop a set of Registry System tests that demonstrate the technical capabilities of the registry operator; testing must be efficient (i.e. not duplicative of technical evaluation tests), but ICANN should not rely on registry self-certification unless testing would be disruptive of the security of the DNS
40 - TLD Rollout	2012 Applicant Guidebook and base Registry Agreement: successful applicants have nine (9) months following the date of being notified that is successfully completed the evaluation process to enter into a Registry Agreement; and registry operators must complete all testing procedures for delegation of the TLD into the root zone within twelve (12) months of the Effective Date of the Registry Agreement. Extensions of time are permitted.	Affirm and maintain current policies
41 - Contractual Compliance	Registrar Accreditation Agreement and Registry Agreement must contain "a clear compliance and sanctions process"	Affirm, with the addition of more detailed reporting from Contractual Compliance regarding the context of the opening and closing of compliance actions (e.g. why an action was closed), and the standards or thresholds that Contractual Compliance utilizes in evaluating and accepting complaints for further action

Public Comment

The public comment period for the GNSO's report was closed on June 1, 2021. The report received 14 comments during the comment period. Several overarching themes were identified in the staff report on the public comment proceeding:

• Many commenters found the final outputs to be a triumph of the Multistakeholder Model, and a large subset of those commenters also encouraged the board to approve the final outputs as-is, out of deference to community consensus and the bottom-up approach of the entire PDP;
• Several comments emphasized the need to quickly implement subsequent procedures (and by extension to launch the second round of new gTLD applications), whether because of public perception of ICANN's capacity to perform its role, or because of perceived pent-up demand for a new application round; and
• Some commenters, while broadly supportive of the recommendations in the report, had reservations about particular topic areas or foresaw other dependencies to be resolved before a new application round could commence.

Board Actions

• The board placed the final report on the agenda for its regular meeting on June 21, 2021. At ICANN 71, when conversation touched upon SUBPRO, there was a general expectation that the board would launch an Operational Design Phase regarding the recommendations in the Final Outputs document.
• On September 12, 2021, the Board directed the ICANN CEO to organize the resources required to begin work on the ODP for SubPro and advise the Board when the work of the ODP begins. The Board requested regular updates on the progress and the delivery of an Operational Design Assessment (ODA) (the output of the ODP), within ten months of the date of initiation. The Board also authorized Goran Marby up to US$9 million to fund the ODP, and its requisite community engagement, formation and delivery of an ODA to the Board, and any additional work required to support the ICANN Board's consideration of the SubPro final report.

Operational Design Phase

On December 12, 2022, ICANN Organization delivered the Operational Design Assessment (ODA), which is the final product of the Operational Design Phase (ODP) to the ICANN Board, ending a phase that began on 12 September 2021, when the Board directed the ICANN CEO to organize the resources required to begin this process.

Foundational Documents and Resources

• ODP Scoping Document
• SUBPRO ODP Listserv
• SUBPRO ODP Dashboard

Project Timeline

In February, the ODP team published their anticipated timeline for the project:

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     at:01/03/2022 shift:(8,-5) text:"Jan. 3 - ODP Launched"
     at:02/22/2022 shift:(8,-5) text:"Feb. 22 - Begin Drafting ODA"
     at:03/07/2022 shift:(8,-5) text:7 - ICANN 73 Presentation on Updated Assumptions
     at:03/21/2022 shift:(8,-5) text:"March 21 - Team Debrief and Refine Assumptions"
     at:03/28/2022 shift:(8,-5) text:"March 28 - Community Status Update #1"
     at:05/02/2022 shift:(8,-5) text:"May 2 - ODP Project Team Workshop"
     at:05/16/2022 shift:(8,-5) text:"May 16 - Community Status Update #2 (Halfway Point)"
     at:05/23/2022 shift:(8,-5) text:"May 23 - Work Track Project Teams Begin to Finalize Analyses"
     at:06/13/2022 shift:(8,-5) text:13-17 - ICANN 74
     at:06/27/2022 shift:(8,-5) text:"June 27 - Work Track Analysis Wrap-up"
     at:08/15/2022 shift:(8,-5) text:"Aug. 15 - Community Status Update #3"
     at:09/12/2022 shift:(8,-5) text:"Sept. 12 - Final Draft of ODA complete - public comments"
     at:09/19/2022 shift:(8,-5) text:"Sept. 19 - Present ODA at ICANN 75"
     at:10/31/2022 shift:(8,-5) text:"Dec. 12 - Submit ODA to Board"
     

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Process and Developments

In the wake of ICANN 72, ICANN org responded to questions and comments that arose during the meeting sessions and in the "hallways." Karen Lentz responded to some of the questions and issues raised and addressed the community's interest in the rapid implementation of SubPro and the next new gTLD round. Lentz stated that the ODP would streamline the process and shorten the overall time to launch a new application round. She also noted that the SubPro work was intended to establish a solid, enduring foundation from which multiple application rounds can be launched.

On December 20, 2021, ICANN announced the launch of the ODP. Under the board's intended schedule, the ODP should be completed in October 2022.

On January 18 and February 28, Karen Lentz posted updates on the ICANN blog regarding the ODP's work tracks. She reminded the ICANN community that the SubPro ODP will be complicated, as it requires synthesizing more than 300 affirmations, recommendations, and implementation guidance from the SubPro Final Report and the policies, processes, procedures, and lessons learned from the 2012 New gTLD Program. The assessment and design process would be organized across nine tracks:

• Project Governance - coordinating the 60 unique projects within the ICANN org to develop the Operational Design Assessment, providing the required tools, resources, guidance, and consistency in the activities, strategy, status reporting, project assumptions, and overall risk assessment oversight and management of the ODP
• Policy Development and Implementation Materials - org & implementation shepherd work on policies, redrafting the Applicant Guidebook per approved recommendations, and other implementation work
• Operational Readiness - getting the org ready for the influx of applicants, processing, and increase in contracted parties
• Systems and Tools - methods and practices for subsequent rounds, including maintenance and continuous improvement
• Vendors - identifying needs and procuring outside expertise
• Communications and Outreach - keeping the community and others updated
• Resources, Staffing, and Logistics - planning staffing and resource requirements
• Finance - planning, budgeting, and disbursement
• Overarching - monitoring dependencies and overlap with other community and org work

Community Status Update #1

ICANN org released its first community update in March 2022, describing its work to date and discussing the future direction of the ODP. ICANN org reported that it was working toward the finalization of the Operational Design Assessment by October 2022. The update also provided figures on hours and resources devoted to the project. A total of 7 full time equivalent (FTE) staff hours had been devoted to the ODP since its initiation in January. The org noted that it intended to allocate and/or hire a total of 22-24 FTE in order to complete the work of the ODP. This level of activity would be in line with the budget allocation approved by the board for the project.

Community Status Update #2

ICANN or released its second community update in May 2022. The update included a compilation of all policy question sets submitted to the GNSO Council to help clarify issue areas. In addition, the update compiled all of the published assumptions from the ODP team regarding strategic needs and processes. Shortly thereafter, the ODP team released another iteration of the team's assumptions document.

Following the release of the status update, Karen Lentz posted a blog regarding operational readiness for the next round of applications. The post described the creation of a roadmap based on applicant experience and interactions:

The Operational Readiness work track includes development of a high-level design of the operational aspects of the next round. This operational blueprint will include a description of the applicant's experience, from prior to the opening of the application window through contracting and delegation (entering the string into the root zone and making it visible on the Internet).

ICANN 74

During Prep Week of ICANN 74, ICANN org presented an update to the community on the progress of the ODP. The presentation included an overview of the process for the ODP and the current state of the project. The presentation included a walk-through of the analysis applied to each of the recommendations of the Final Report.

During the meeting, the ODP team hosted a session to engage stakeholders and receive feedback on specific work areas in progress.

ODA

ICANN spent $6.8 million on the ODP to generate and deliver the Operational Design Assessment in mid-December 2022. This amount fell under the low-end of the $7 million to $9 million the ICANN board approved for its budget. Fifteen full-time equivalents, mostly ICANN Staff, spent over 27,000 hours in making the ODA report.

Key Take-Aways from the ODA

ICANN Org

• determined that most of the SubPro Final Report outputs

1. are implementable in the New gTLD Program
2. have mechanisms to support diversity, predictability, and innovation and
3. refer to Global Public Interest (GPI) pilot framework terms

• analyzed the potential timeline, costs, resource requirements, systems needs, and risks of implementing all 300+ SubPro Final Report outputs.

• proposed a Business Process Design (Appendix 6) outlining the key components of how the next round could be implemented, from foundational concepts to post-contracting, with the aim of supporting the Implementation Review Team (IRT) and found that the overall implementation cost for the next round of the New TLD Program would be significantly higher than the 2012 round.

Application Period Options

• presented two options for the application process: a single application submission period per round (the assumed route) or cyclical application submission periods (the alternative; Appendix 19).

Option 1 may take at least five years from the Board directing ICANN org to begin implementation to the opening of the application submission window, cost approximately USD $457 million, involve 18 system services and 125 full-time equivalents, and incur the risk of material financial losses if demand is low.

Option 2 would take 18 months to begin implementing, split the immediate next round into four annual application submission periods, create predictability for the New TLD Program, moderate the influx of applications in the first cycle, rely on a processing capacity limit of 450 applications per cycle, offer flexibility to potential applicants, and may be beneficial to new entrants who may need to invest more time and resources. However, this option contains the risks of

1. limited space leading to competition,
2. giving an advantage to applicants already engaged in the current DNS ecosystem, and
3. being less efficient than the processing of portfolio applications available with option 1.

Reactions to the ODA

On January 20, 2023, the GNSO Council provided feedback to the ICANN Board about the SubPro ODA. The Council encouraged the ICANN Board to adopt the New gTLD Subsequent Procedures Final Report ASAP. In particular, the Small Team:

• explained that it couldn’t differentiate Options 1 and 2 and their impacts on the overall new gTLD program;
• believed that the bulk of the applications would come in the first cycle, regardless of what ICANN org internally designs;
• suggested that the next round should not be more complex or time and resource intensive than is necessary;
• requested that the org use existing know-how and lessons learned (and the general approach of outsourcing or buying in and adapting systems);
• distinguished between what is necessary to support the program and what is a wish list; and
• felt that the design could be simplified to minimize the risks identified by using customizable existing software and platforms instead of building in-house and from scratch.

Implementation Planning Phase

At ICANN 76, the GNSO Council agreed to form a small team of councilors to review the pending recommendations and suggest how to address the underlying concerns. The Council SubPro Small Team completed an initial run-through of the issues chart and proposed paths forward for each pending recommendation to be presented in the Council's dialogue with the ICANN Board on May 22, 2023.

Top-Level Domain

Generic Names Supporting Organization. Develops and recommends to the Board substantive policies relating to generic top-level domains and other responsibilities set forth in the Bylaws (ICANN Bylaws).

Policy Development Process

At-Large Advisory Committee. Considers and provides advice on the activities of ICANN related to the interests of individual Internet users (ICANN Bylaws). Not to be confused with the Non-Commercial Stakeholder Group.

Governmental Advisory Committee. Considers and provides advice on the activities of ICANN as they relate to concerns of governments, particularly matters where there may be an interaction between ICANN's policies and various laws and international agreements or where they may affect public policy issues (ICANN Bylaws).

Country Code Names Supporting Organization. Develops and recommends to the Board global policies relating to country-code top-level domains (ICANN Bylaws).

Internationalized Domain Name