| year |
Nontechnical events |
technical events |
consequential meetings |
key figures |
Network |
community structure |
why does it matter? reasoning? caveats? |
sources
|
| 1969 |
arparnet network structure is designed |
|
- |
Howard Frank, Charles Herzfeld, Lawrence Roberts |
ARPAnet |
military led |
|
ARPAnet, Britannica
|
|
|
RFC 001 |
|
Steve Crocker |
|
|
|
|
| 1971 |
The birth of email |
|
|
Ray Tomlinson |
|
military led, academically fullfilled |
|
A Brief History of NSF and the Internet, NSF
|
|
15 nodes and 23 host terminals in arpanet, mostly universities |
|
|
|
|
military led, academically fullfilled |
|
|
| 1972 |
|
numbering czar proposal |
|
Jon Postel (1972-1998) |
ARPAnet |
military led, academically fullfilled |
birth of DNS |
The History of the Internet and the Colleges That Built It, EdTech
|
| 1983 |
IAB formed to run IETF & IRTF |
|
- |
Steve Crocker, Barry Leiner, Ken Harrenstien, Vic White |
ARPAnet |
military led, academically fullfilled |
standardization of Internet's fundamental protocols: 1983-1994 |
History of IANA, ISOC
|
|
|
TCP/IP becomes the new standard protocol suite for the ARPANET |
|
Vint Cerf, Robert Kahn |
|
|
|
|
|
|
standardization of Whois |
|
Elizabeth Feinler |
|
|
|
|
| 1984 |
|
Japanese University Network |
- |
Jun Murai |
ARPAnet |
military, academically fullfilled |
- |
UDRP, ICANN Archives
|
|
|
IAB Task Forces created |
|
Dave Mills, Bob Braden, Bob Thomas, Steve Kent, Ray McFarland, Rob Cole, Jim Mathis, David Clark, Dave Hartman, Ed Cain |
|
|
|
|
| 1986 |
- |
the NSF created NSFNET |
- |
Dennis Jennings |
NSFnet |
|
no longer just for the military; early adopters and technophiles go online |
Early Days, ICANN History Project
|
| 1987 |
the “network of networks" is now commonly called the "Internet" |
|
- |
Paul Mockapetris |
NSFnet |
|
- |
ICANN Historical Timeline, ICANNWiki
|
|
|
networks in the Americas, Europe, and Asia join TCP/IP backbone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RFC 1035, RFC 1034; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NSFNET exceeds ARPANET |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1988 |
The term “IANA” officially used in RFC 1083 |
- |
- |
Joyce Reynolds |
NSFnet |
|
- |
Technical Leaders Welcome IANA Globalization Progress, ICANN Announcements
|
| 1990 |
|
|
|
|
nsfnet |
end of mainly military users |
|
IDNs: Where are we now, ICANN
|
| 1991 |
the launch of the World Wide Web |
- |
- |
Tim Berners-Lee, Steve Goldstein (1991-2003) |
nsfnet |
mainly academic: 1991-1995 |
- |
Accountability, ICANN
|
| 1992 |
NSF allows/protects commercial traffic with "Acceptable Use Policy" |
- |
- |
Susan Estrada |
NSFnet |
|
- |
History, IAB
|
|
ISOC is founded |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1993 |
Network Solutions enters into a five-year contract with the NSF |
|
- |
Marilyn Cade (1993-2020); Marc Andreessen |
Network Solutions era: the sole domain name registrar for .com, .net, and .org (1993-1998) |
Transition to Private |
interent becomes a legitimate public sphere |
-
|
| 1994 |
China goes online |
|
- |
Hualin Qian |
Network Solutions era: the sole domain name registrar for .com, .net, and .org (1993-1998) |
Transition to Private |
- |
-
|
|
|
RFC 1591 |
|
Postel |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NANOG founded |
|
Elise Gerich, Mark Knopper, Bill Norton, Craig Labovitz, Susan Harris |
|
|
|
|
| 1995 |
NSF awarded contracts to three network access points |
- |
- |
|
Network Solutions era: the sole domain name registrar for .com, .net, and .org (1993-1998) |
Transition to Private |
- |
-
|
|
The first publicly available internet service in India was launched by state-owned VSNL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Africa goes online |
|
|
Nii Quaynor |
|
|
|
Internet in Africa, UPENN African Studies Center, 24 March 1996
|
|
Amazon is launched |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1996 |
International Ad-Hoc Committee formed |
- |
- |
Don Heath, Sally Abel, Albert Tramposch, David Maher, Jun Murai, Geoff Huston, Hank Nussbacher; Robert Shaw, Perry Metzger, Dave Crocker, George Strawn |
IAHC |
The dawn of Internet Governance, transition to private |
- |
|
|
HughesNet begins offering satellite Internet commercially |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|