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The '''System for Standardized Access/Disclosure (SSAD)''' is a system proposed to centrally handle requests for non-public registration data, envisioned in Recommendations 1-18 of the Final Report of the GNSO Expedited Policy Development Process ([[EPDP]]) on the Temporary Specification for gTLD Registration Data Phase 2.  
The '''System for Standardized Access/Disclosure (SSAD)''' is a system proposed to centrally handle requests for non-public registration data, envisioned in Recommendations 1-18 of the Final Report of the GNSO Expedited Policy Development Process ([[EPDP]]) on the Temporary Specification for gTLD Registration Data Phase 2. Whereas [[RDAP]] is an ''access'' protocol for registration data, [[SSAD]] is a ''request'' protocol.


==History==
==History==
Line 12: Line 12:


==EPDP Phase 2 Final Report & Recommendations==
==EPDP Phase 2 Final Report & Recommendations==
Phase 2 of the [[Expedited Policy Development Process on the Temporary Specification for gTLD Registration Data (EPDP)|EPDP Temp Spec]] was largely focused on recommendation for creations of a system of access and disclosure of anonymized or proxied registration data. Their final report was issued in July 2020.<ref name="finalrep">[https://gnso.icann.org/en/correspondence/epdp-phase-2-temp-spec-gtld-registration-data-2-31jul20-en.pdf EPDP Temp Spec Workspace - Phase 2 Final Report], July 31, 2020.</ref> The report's recommendations were intended to be an integrated set of proposals for a system where accredited parties could request nonpublic registration data from a centralized clearinghouse for such request, and the determinations regarding such requests would be delegated to the relevant contracted parties.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/blogs/details/epdp-phase-2-team-publishes-final-report-10-8-2020-en ICANN.org Blog - EPDP Phase 2 Team Publishes Final Report], August 10, 2020</ref> The recommendations covered a variety of topics:
Phase 2 of the [[Expedited Policy Development Process on the Temporary Specification for gTLD Registration Data (EPDP)|EPDP Temp Spec]] was largely focused on the recommendation for the creation of a system of access and disclosure of anonymized or proxied registration data. Their final report was issued in July 2020.<ref name="finalrep">[https://gnso.icann.org/en/correspondence/epdp-phase-2-temp-spec-gtld-registration-data-2-31jul20-en.pdf EPDP Temp Spec Workspace - Phase 2 Final Report], July 31, 2020.</ref> The report's recommendations were intended to be an integrated set of proposals for a system where accredited parties could request nonpublic registration data from a centralized clearinghouse for such requests, and the determinations regarding such requests would be delegated to the relevant contracted parties.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/blogs/details/epdp-phase-2-team-publishes-final-report-10-8-2020-en ICANN.org Blog - EPDP Phase 2 Team Publishes Final Report], August 10, 2020</ref> The recommendations covered a variety of topics:
* Accreditation of SSAD requestors, including governmental entities;
* Accreditation of SSAD requestors, including governmental entities;
* Required criteria and content of SSAD requests;
* Required criteria and content of SSAD requests;
Line 48: Line 48:


==Operational Design Phase==
==Operational Design Phase==
ICANN staff launched the [[Operational Design Phase]] (ODP) for the SSAD recommendations in April 2021.<ref name="odpdash">[https://www.icann.org/ssadodp ICANN.org - SSAD Operational Design Phase Dashboard], last updated January 25, 2022</ref> The ODP provided an opportunity to "assess the potential risks, anticipated costs, resource requirements, timelines, dependencies, interaction with the Global Public Interest Framework that is currently being piloted, and other matters related to implementation of the SSAD-related recommendations (1-18)."<ref name="odpdash" /> Because of the complexity of the system being proposed, the ICANN Board determined that it would be valuable for the organization to engage in that assessment.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/resources/board-material/resolutions-2021-03-25-en#2.c Resolution of the Board] initiating the SSAD ODP, March 25, 2021</ref> The Board drafted a scoping paper for the ODP, including questions for consideration.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/ssad-non-public-registration-data-odp-scoping-25mar21-en.pdf ICANN.org - SSAD Non-Public Registration Data ODP Scoping], March 25, 2021</ref>
ICANN staff launched the [[Operational Design Phase]] (ODP) for the SSAD recommendations in April 2021.<ref name="odpdash">[https://www.icann.org/ssadodp ICANN.org - SSAD Operational Design Phase Dashboard], last updated January 25, 2022</ref> The ODP provided an opportunity to "assess the potential risks, anticipated costs, resource requirements, timelines, dependencies, interaction with the Global Public Interest Framework that is currently being piloted, and other matters related to the implementation of the SSAD-related recommendations (1-18)."<ref name="odpdash" /> Because of the complexity of the system being proposed, the ICANN Board determined that it would be valuable for the organization to engage in that assessment.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/resources/board-material/resolutions-2021-03-25-en#2.c Resolution of the Board] initiating the SSAD ODP, March 25, 2021</ref> The Board drafted a scoping paper for the ODP, including questions for consideration.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/ssad-non-public-registration-data-odp-scoping-25mar21-en.pdf ICANN.org - SSAD Non-Public Registration Data ODP Scoping], March 25, 2021</ref>


===Key Components===
===Key Components===
Line 102: Line 102:


===Operational Design Assessment===
===Operational Design Assessment===
ICANN org published its [[Operational Design Assessment]] on January 25, 2022.<ref name="odaannounce">[https://www.icann.org/en/announcements/details/icann-delivers-operational-design-assessment-of-ssad-recommendations-25-1-2022-en ICANN.org - ICANN Delivers ODA of SSAD Recommendations], January 25, 2022</ref> The Assessment identified a number of challenges with SSAD as proposed by the recommendations.<ref name="oda">[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/ssad-oda-25jan22-en.pdf ICANN.org - SSAD Operational Design Assessment], January 25, 2022</ref> One of the largest issues was SSAD's interaction with proxy and privacy services offered by registrars. The assessment took note of a study by [[Interisle]] from January 2021 that approximated that 86.5% of registered gTLDs were covered by either a proxy service or a privacy shield.<ref>[https://interisle.net/ContactStudy2021.pdf Interisle.net: WHOIS Contact Data Availability and Registrant Classification Study], January 2021, page 3 (PDF)</ref> As a result, the ODA noted, "the existence of proxy and privacy services poses several challenges to the system’s operations..."<ref name="oda" /> The SSAD as designed "assumes the system will only handle base-case requests for data for non-proxy/privacy service registrations,"<ref name="oda" /> and does not make any provision to compel production of registration data that is cloaked by a proxy or privacy service. Beyond the expectation that privacy or proxy services provide "full information" about the privacy or proxy service and the means of contacting such services, the [[Temporary Specification for gTLD Registration Data|Temporary Specification]] did not address such services. Because the EPDP charter addressed only the text of the Temporary Specification, the handling of proxied or private data was largely unaddressed.<ref name="oda" />
ICANN org published its [[Operational Design Assessment]] on January 25, 2022.<ref name="odaannounce">[https://www.icann.org/en/announcements/details/icann-delivers-operational-design-assessment-of-ssad-recommendations-25-1-2022-en ICANN.org - ICANN Delivers ODA of SSAD Recommendations], January 25, 2022</ref> The Assessment identified a number of challenges with SSAD as proposed by the recommendations.<ref name="oda">[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/ssad-oda-25jan22-en.pdf ICANN.org - SSAD Operational Design Assessment], January 25, 2022</ref> One of the largest issues was SSAD's interaction with proxy and privacy services offered by registrars. The assessment noted a study by [[Interisle]] from January 2021 that approximated that 86.5% of registered gTLDs were covered by either a proxy service or a privacy shield.<ref>[https://interisle.net/ContactStudy2021.pdf Interisle.net: WHOIS Contact Data Availability and Registrant Classification Study], January 2021, page 3 (PDF)</ref> As a result, the ODA noted, "the existence of proxy and privacy services poses several challenges to the system’s operations..."<ref name="oda" /> The SSAD as designed "assumes the system will only handle base-case requests for data for non-proxy/privacy service registrations,"<ref name="oda" /> and does not make any provision to compel production of registration data that is cloaked by a proxy or privacy service. Beyond the expectation that privacy or proxy services provide "full information" about the privacy or proxy service and the means of contacting such services, the [[Temporary Specification for gTLD Registration Data|Temporary Specification]] did not address such services. Because the EPDP charter addressed only the text of the Temporary Specification, the handling of proxied or private data was largely unaddressed.<ref name="oda" />


This finding gave rise to substantial concern among the ICANN Board. As [[Maarten Botterman]] noted in a letter to the GNSO Council, "[t]here is no guarantee that SSAD users would receive the registration data they request via this system" because such a high volume of registration data is contained within a proxy or privacy service.<ref name="odaletter">[https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/council/attachments/20220125/81d60ddc/2022-01-24BoardtoCouncilonSSADconsultation-0001.pdf GNSO Council Listserv Archive - Board to Council re: Upcoming SSAD Consultation], January 24, 2022</ref> Botterman's letter was intended to initiate conversation and thought prior to a scheduled meeting of the Board and GNSO Council on January 27, 2022.<ref name="odaletter" /><ref name="odpdash" /> That meeting was a constructive exchange of views on the viability of SSAD, although no conclusions were drawn. In particular, the discussants raised topics such as the merits and costs of accreditation, the legal risks involved in SSAD, the development of a requestor code of conduct, the need for a pilot version, shortening the timeline, and improving the estimate of potential users.
This finding gave rise to substantial concern among the ICANN Board. As [[Maarten Botterman]] noted in a letter to the GNSO Council, "[t]here is no guarantee that SSAD users would receive the registration data they request via this system" because such a high volume of registration data is contained within a proxy or privacy service.<ref name="odaletter">[https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/council/attachments/20220125/81d60ddc/2022-01-24BoardtoCouncilonSSADconsultation-0001.pdf GNSO Council Listserv Archive - Board to Council re: Upcoming SSAD Consultation], January 24, 2022</ref> Botterman's letter was intended to initiate conversation and thought prior to a scheduled meeting of the Board and GNSO Council on January 27, 2022.<ref name="odaletter" /><ref name="odpdash" /> That meeting was a constructive exchange of views on the viability of SSAD, although no conclusions were drawn. In particular, the discussants raised topics such as the merits and costs of accreditation, the legal risks involved in SSAD, the development of a requestor code of conduct, the need for a pilot version, shortening the timeline, and improving the estimate of potential users.


==Simple Ticketing System aka SSAD Light==
== Whois Disclosure System (FKA Simple Ticketing System or SSAD Light)==
One outcome of the ODA is the development of an idea for a simple ticketing system (STS) designed to centralize requests for registrant information disclosures.<ref>[https://circleid.com/posts/20220404-icann-ssad-proposal-poised-to-succeed ICANN SSAD Proposal Poised to Succeed, Paul McGrady, CircleID]</ref> If it runs as a pilot version of the SSAD, it will provide data that may help ICANN staff refine the SSAD proposal. Following its review of the ODA and a meeting and several rounds of correspondence with the board, the GNSO Council formed a small team to develop the concept of the simple ticketing system (STS) and ICANN Staff began researching the STS's development cost and timeframe. The STS will document requests' nature, receiving registrars, response speed (if at all), and appropriateness of disclosure. The STS will also yield estimates of how many users and requests to expect of the eventual SSAD.<ref>[https://circleid.com/posts/20220404-icann-ssad-proposal-poised-to-succeed ICANN SSAD Proposal Poised to Succeed, Paul McGrady, CircleID]</ref>
The [[Whois Disclosure System]] was one outcome of the ODA was the development of an idea for a simple ticketing system (STS) designed to centralize requests for registrant information disclosures.<ref>[https://circleid.com/posts/20220404-icann-ssad-proposal-poised-to-succeed ICANN SSAD Proposal Poised to Succeed, Paul McGrady, CircleID]</ref>
At the April 2022 GNSO Council meeting, [[Sebastien Ducos]] explained that the idea was for the Board to pause any decision on the SSAD and instead enter what was a pilot phase but became a [https://gnso.icann.org/sites/default/files/policy/2022/correspondence/ducos-to-gnso-council-et-al-04apr22-en.pdf proof of concept] phase (as of April 4, 2022) to arrive at a simplified SSAD version to run for up to two years in six-month increments to review/test hypotheses about who, what, when, why in terms of traffic at each interval and estimate what would be required and how to deliver it.<ref>[https://gnso.icann.org/sites/default/files/policy/2022/transcript/transcript-gnso-council-14apr22-en.pdf GNSO Council Meeting April 4, 2022, Transcript pg. 16, GNSO, ICANN.org]</ref>
On April 27, 2022, the GNSO Council requested that while its STS small team worked on the proof of concept now called the "SSAD Light," the ICANN Board pause consideration of the SSAD recommendations.<ref>[https://gnso.icann.org/sites/default/files/policy/2022/correspondence/fouquart-to-botterman-27apr22-en.pdf Status Update EPDP Phase 2 & Review of ODA, GNSO Council Letter to ICANN Board, April 27, 2022]</ref>
The SSAD Light Concept was developed by ICANN Org to reflect the small team's recommendations for a more affordable, simpler ticketing system, which will not include:
* all the EPDP Phase 2 policy recommendations,
* central or governmental accreditation authorities,
* identity verification of requestors,
* an abuse investigator,
* an obligation or expectation of automated processing of certain requests by contracted parties, or
* billing since it will be assumed that ICANN will not pass operational costs to requestors.<br/>
Instead, the SSAD Light proof of concept will:
* be based on the design described in the SSAD [[ODA]],
* incorporate changes in the design to allow for a more effective model,
* minimize development and operational costs of the system,
* collect status of requests (e.g., approved, denied) from contracted parties, and
* gather data on response times from contracted parties for requests of different priorities.[https://gnso.icann.org/sites/default/files/policy/2022/correspondence/fouquart-to-botterman-27apr22-en.pdf Status Update EPDP Phase 2 & Review of ODA, GNSO Council Letter to ICANN Board, April 27, 2022]<


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 21:25, 26 June 2024

The System for Standardized Access/Disclosure (SSAD) is a system proposed to centrally handle requests for non-public registration data, envisioned in Recommendations 1-18 of the Final Report of the GNSO Expedited Policy Development Process (EPDP) on the Temporary Specification for gTLD Registration Data Phase 2. Whereas RDAP is an access protocol for registration data, SSAD is a request protocol.

History[edit | edit source]

  1. Era of Whois
  2. GDPR goes into effect (2018)
  3. The GNSO engages in an EPDP on the Temporary Specification for gTLD Registration Data
    • Phase 2 outlines the GNSO's requirements for data requestor accreditation; request and response criteria and content; service level agreements; process automation; terms and conditions; logging, auditing, and reporting requirements
  4. Recommendations 1-18 from TempSpec Phase 2 EPDP Final Report about what to include in a proposed centralized registration data system (SSAD) is sent to ICANN Board
  5. the ICANN Board requests an ODP to inform its SSAD deliberations, including whether the recommendations are in the best interests of the ICANN Community and ICANN Organization
    • research and deliberations take place and ICANN hosts updated/feedback gathering webinars (2021)
  6. ODP results in an Operational Design Assessment (ODA)

EPDP Phase 2 Final Report & Recommendations[edit | edit source]

Phase 2 of the EPDP Temp Spec was largely focused on the recommendation for the creation of a system of access and disclosure of anonymized or proxied registration data. Their final report was issued in July 2020.[1] The report's recommendations were intended to be an integrated set of proposals for a system where accredited parties could request nonpublic registration data from a centralized clearinghouse for such requests, and the determinations regarding such requests would be delegated to the relevant contracted parties.[2] The recommendations covered a variety of topics:

  • Accreditation of SSAD requestors, including governmental entities;
  • Required criteria and content of SSAD requests;
  • Response requirements;
  • Required Service Level Agreements (SLAs);
  • Automation of SSAD processing;
  • Terms and conditions of SSAD;
  • Logging, auditing, and reporting requirements; and
  • Implementation of a GNSO Standing Committee charged with evaluating SSAD operational issues and proposing recommendations for improvement to the GNSO Council.

Key Figures[edit | edit source]

From ICANN Org[edit | edit source]

EPDP Phase 2 Small Team[edit | edit source]

An EPDP Phase 2 Small Team was formed to review the SSAD ODA and started meeting in February 2022.[3]

Operational Design Phase[edit | edit source]

ICANN staff launched the Operational Design Phase (ODP) for the SSAD recommendations in April 2021.[4] The ODP provided an opportunity to "assess the potential risks, anticipated costs, resource requirements, timelines, dependencies, interaction with the Global Public Interest Framework that is currently being piloted, and other matters related to the implementation of the SSAD-related recommendations (1-18)."[4] Because of the complexity of the system being proposed, the ICANN Board determined that it would be valuable for the organization to engage in that assessment.[5] The Board drafted a scoping paper for the ODP, including questions for consideration.[6]

Key Components[edit | edit source]

ICANN Organization gave an update on the SSAD's key components in November 2021.[7]

Actors Subcategories Roles Subsystems Requests
Data disclosure requestors natural and legal persons * submits the data disclosure request
* To be accredited and periodically renewed by the accreditation authority in order to submit data disclosure requests and for verification of requestor identity
* Manages authentication details, such as supported electronic IDs (eID) and SSAD-specific identity credentials		 RDAP clients can be for:
* Specific domain names
* non-public fields (RFC 8982 - RDAP partial response)
* Supporting documentation;
* Verified requestor identity (name, organization, country/territory);
* Verified requestor declarations;
* Confidentiality classification
need to include purpose and legal basis
priority:
* Urgent
* ICANN administrative proceedings
Governments and IGOs * submits the data disclosure request
* submits the data disclosure request
* To be accredited and periodically renewed by the accreditation authority in order to submit data disclosure requests and for verification of requestor identity
* Manages authentication details, such as supported electronic IDs (eID) and SSAD-specific identity credentials
Accreditation Authorities Central Accreditation Authority * validates request and relays to the central gateway;
* vendor contracted to develop and operate the system that acts as the sole interface with SSAD requestors for verifying requestor identity, managing disclosure requests, authenticating requestors on behalf of the central gateway and contracted parties;
* notifies requestor;
* Manage billing process for requestors;
* Transfer request-processing fees to the central gateway;
* delegate some functions to “identity providers” in English;
* support verifying requestor declarations of trademark ownership;
* billing for accreditation/Identity verification, requestor declaration verification, and disclosure request processing;
* support federated authentication of requestors using OpenID Connect		 * Web portal
*API
Country/territory governmental accreditation authorities * designated by country/territory government to Implement the same interfaces as the central accreditation;
* notifies requestor;
* integrate with the central gateway and contracted parties in their chosen languages;
* support the verification of declarations for requests processed automatically (as described in Recommendations 9.4.1 and 9.4.2);
* billing for accreditation/Identity verification, requestor declaration verification, and disclosure request processing;
* support federated authentication of requestors using OpenID Connect
Central Gateway * verifies criteria for automated processing (Rec. 9.4);
* notifies contracted parties via email and poll message through the API;
* relays determination to accreditation authority;
* vendor contracted to develop and operate the system;
* can implement a recommendation engine for contracted parties on whether to approve or deny disclosure requests		 * Web portal
*API
Abuse Investigator * vendor contracted to investigate abuse;
* Monitors standard operation metrics, requestor compliance with SSAD terms of service
* verifies abuse reports contracted parties and data subjects/public
* Provides requestors’ redress mechanism (rec. 13.1.3)
Contracted parties Registries * (secondary) reviews the request and communicates determination back to the central gateway;
* may opt out/request an exemption for automated processing of any specific category of disclosure requests from recommendation 9.4;
* the sole authorizers of data disclosure requests directed at them		 RDAP service
ICANN-accredited registrars * (primary) reviews the request and communicates determination back to the central gateway;
* may opt out/request an exemption for automated processing of any specific category of disclosure requests from recommendation 9.4;
* the sole authorizers of data disclosure requests directed at them		 RDAP service
Auditors * vendor contracted to audit system
Data subjects
ICANN org Publishes on a quarterly basis a summary of the:
* Number of disclosure requests received, Approved/Denied, Automated/Manual
* Third-Party purposes/justifications
* Complaints per priority level with average response times
* Information about the financial sustainability of SSAD
* New EDPB guidance or new topical jurisprudence
* Technical or system difficulties
* Operational and system enhancements
* Contractual Compliance is responsible for the investigation of complaints regarding:
Contracted parties’ procedural deficiencies in SSAD responses; and
Failure to respond to urgent priority requests within the timeframes established by the SLA		 * icann.org portal
* NSp

Projected Specifications and Reasons[edit | edit source]

On December 20, 2021, ICANN Organization and several ICANN Board members briefed the GNSO Council on the initial findings of the org's ODP analysis, including the following details.[8]

Development Timeframe Development Costs Operational Costs Cost Recovery
Amount 3 - 4 Years (including parallel IRT for 2 years) $20M - $27M $14M - $107M/Year * Accreditations/Identity Verifications:
$86 - $21 (low - high usage)
* Requestor Declaration Verification:
$190 - $160 (low - high usage)
* Disclosure Requests:
$40 - $0.45 (low - high usage)
Reasons * Selection of vendors
* Vendor ramp-up
* System development
* Legal instrument
development
* Communications plan
and support
* Development and
confirmation of
requirements * Policy document
development 		* development outsourced * Ongoing
operations
outsourced
* User
accreditation
volume drives
cost
* ICANN org
oversees ongoing
operations,
vendors, etc.
* 7 functions to fill
through RFPs 		ICANN Org assumes there will be between 25,000 and 3 million users and 100,000 and 12 million requests based on contracted parties and ICANN Community surveys, RDDS requests, and abuse rates and because requestors may still directly go to the contracted party, bypassing SSAD entirely.

Operational Design Assessment[edit | edit source]

ICANN org published its Operational Design Assessment on January 25, 2022.[9] The Assessment identified a number of challenges with SSAD as proposed by the recommendations.[10] One of the largest issues was SSAD's interaction with proxy and privacy services offered by registrars. The assessment noted a study by Interisle from January 2021 that approximated that 86.5% of registered gTLDs were covered by either a proxy service or a privacy shield.[11] As a result, the ODA noted, "the existence of proxy and privacy services poses several challenges to the system’s operations..."[10] The SSAD as designed "assumes the system will only handle base-case requests for data for non-proxy/privacy service registrations,"[10] and does not make any provision to compel production of registration data that is cloaked by a proxy or privacy service. Beyond the expectation that privacy or proxy services provide "full information" about the privacy or proxy service and the means of contacting such services, the Temporary Specification did not address such services. Because the EPDP charter addressed only the text of the Temporary Specification, the handling of proxied or private data was largely unaddressed.[10]

This finding gave rise to substantial concern among the ICANN Board. As Maarten Botterman noted in a letter to the GNSO Council, "[t]here is no guarantee that SSAD users would receive the registration data they request via this system" because such a high volume of registration data is contained within a proxy or privacy service.[12] Botterman's letter was intended to initiate conversation and thought prior to a scheduled meeting of the Board and GNSO Council on January 27, 2022.[12][4] That meeting was a constructive exchange of views on the viability of SSAD, although no conclusions were drawn. In particular, the discussants raised topics such as the merits and costs of accreditation, the legal risks involved in SSAD, the development of a requestor code of conduct, the need for a pilot version, shortening the timeline, and improving the estimate of potential users.

Whois Disclosure System (FKA Simple Ticketing System or SSAD Light)[edit | edit source]

The Whois Disclosure System was one outcome of the ODA was the development of an idea for a simple ticketing system (STS) designed to centralize requests for registrant information disclosures.[13]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ EPDP Temp Spec Workspace - Phase 2 Final Report, July 31, 2020.
  2. ↑ ICANN.org Blog - EPDP Phase 2 Team Publishes Final Report, August 10, 2020
  3. ↑ EPDP Phase 2 Small Team, ICANN Community
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 ICANN.org - SSAD Operational Design Phase Dashboard, last updated January 25, 2022
  5. ↑ Resolution of the Board initiating the SSAD ODP, March 25, 2021
  6. ↑ ICANN.org - SSAD Non-Public Registration Data ODP Scoping, March 25, 2021
  7. ↑ SSAD ODP Update Presentation, Nov 2021, ICANN
  8. ↑ Estimated SSAD Costs and Fees Presented to GNSO Council, ICANN Blogs
  9. ↑ ICANN.org - ICANN Delivers ODA of SSAD Recommendations, January 25, 2022
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 ICANN.org - SSAD Operational Design Assessment, January 25, 2022
  11. ↑ Interisle.net: WHOIS Contact Data Availability and Registrant Classification Study, January 2021, page 3 (PDF)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 GNSO Council Listserv Archive - Board to Council re: Upcoming SSAD Consultation, January 24, 2022
  13. ↑ ICANN SSAD Proposal Poised to Succeed, Paul McGrady, CircleID

Generic Names Supporting Organization. Develops and recommends to the Board substantive policies relating to generic top-level domains and other responsibilities set forth in the Bylaws (ICANN Bylaws).

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