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IANA Functions Stewardship Transition

Revision as of 21:35, 29 July 2021 by JP (talk | contribs) (→ICANN 53)

The IANA Functions Stewardship Transition was a multistakeholder policy-making process and community discussion regarding the transition of IANA functions stewardship from the NTIA to the global Internet community. The process and discussion was spearheaded by ICANN and its various stakeholder groups, and was catalyzed by an announcement in March 2014 by NTIA that they would be relinquishing the stewardship to the Internet community.[1]

Background edit

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) was first proposed by Jon Postel while he was in graduate school at UCLA.[2] Postel realized that the ever-growing ARPANET would require a "numbers czar" to manage a canonical list of numbers and addresses to avoid address collisions.[2] He was appointed as the first numbers czar by general agreement. As the global Internet emerged, the "czar" position became formalized as IANA.

ICANN was initially a contractor to the NTIA as a service provider for the IANA functions. With its announcement in 2014, the NTIA confirmed and followed through on the U.S. Government's commitment to an Internet free of governmental (or United Nations) supervision. The first step in that process was for ICANN to convene stakeholders and create a proposal for how the IANA functions will remain secure and unwavering. The announcement outlined a number of principles which the ICANN proposal must meet:

  • Must Support and enhance the multistakeholder model;
  • Must Maintain the security, stability, and resiliency of the Internet DNS;
  • Must Meet the needs and expectation of the global customers and partners of the IANA services; and,
  • Must Maintain the openness of the Internet.

ICANN subsequently published their own press release that applauded NTIA's announcement and called it a recognition of the U.S. government to ICANN's "maturation in becoming an effective multistakeholder organization".[3]

Reactions and Planning at ICANN 49 edit

The NTIA announcement came a week before the first sessions at ICANN 49 in Singapore.[4] The announcement was a central topic of the meeting. During the course of the meeting, the IANA Transition Listserv was created.[5]

NCUC Conference on Internet Governance edit

The Noncommercial Users Constituency hosted a conference on March 21 that featured an address from Larry Strickling of the NTIA.[6] The NCUC conference was focused on issues of Internet governance, particularly in the lead-up to the netMundial conference[7] the following month. As Steve Crocker noted in his opening remarks, "[t]here's an awful lot of buzz, of course, about the announcement from NTIA about the transition of their role with respect to the IANA process."[8]

Strickling, in his "keynote assessment" session, was asked to respond to the panels that had come before through the course of the day, and to also provide context and background for the NTIA's decision. He emphasized that the NTIA intended ICANN to lead a collaborative process with all relevant organizations, both within and outside of the ICANN community:

But on the question of the multistakeholder involvement for all this, we've tried to make it very clear from the outset that this is broader than just ICANN. ICANN is the party with whom we contract for the performance of the IANA functions. ICANN obviously, through these meetings and through its activities, has great experience in terms of running multistakeholder processes and, more importantly, iterative multistakeholder processes where people can work together on an issue over a period of time to reach a consensus decision. So we've asked ICANN to convene, but we've made it very clear that this is something that we expect the Internet society, the Internet Engineering Task Force, the Internet Architecture Board, the RIRs, all of the technical community needs to be participating in this, and we expect that will be reflected in the session on Monday and will be reflected in the process as it's designed and carried out throughout all of this.[9]

Other Mentions edit

The Welcome Ceremony and President's Welcome featured the NTIA transition announcement prominently in both Steve Crocker and Fadi Chehade's remarks.[10] Chehade emphasized the seriousness of the task of transitioning the IANA functions to the global internet community, as well as the importance of strengthening ICANN's accountability and transparency.[10] The opening session was followed by a session specifically directed toward the topics of IANA Transition and ICANN accountability.[11] The session featured presentations from ICANN board chair Steve Crocker, as well as Fadi Chehade and others involved in the early coordination efforts for the transition. Initially, it was anticipated that the process would take eighteen months, culminating in the termination of ICANN's contract with NTIA in October 2015.[12] Chehade fielded a number of questions and comments regarding ICANN's role in transition planning.[11] This session represented the launch of the multistakeholder process to establish a plan for transitioning the IANA functions stewardship.[13] The session began with introductory comments from Steve Crocker, and then a short presentation from Brian Cute [14] intended to tee up questions regarding the evolution of ICANN's accountability principles, process, and commitments.[15] As Cute emphasized in his presentation, the session was largely devoted to listening to community input and impressions regarding ICANN's accountability and the three questions around the AoC.[15]

Other sessions that addressed or discussed the NTIA decision included a session presenting reports from the volunteer strategic panels involved in aspects of ICANN's strategic planning process,[16] as well as a plenary session on Internet Governance.[17] There was also much activity within the SO and AC working sessions during the conference around transition planning. At the Public Forum, the first item on the agenda was an overview of that work from SO/AC leadership, as well as a brief description of what the IANA functions actually are. [18]

Initial Steps and Scoping of Work edit

Following ICANN 49, ICANN published a "Draft Proposal, Based on Initial Community Feedback, of the Principles and Mechanisms and the Process to Develop a Proposal to Transition NTIA's Stewardship of the IANA Functions" for public comment in April 2014.[19] The proposal included a scoping document designed to focus discussion on what was expected of the process.[20] In a blog post following the publication of the draft proposal, Fadi Chehade applauded the ICANN community for its hard work and likened the upcoming transition to the removal of training wheels from a bicycle.[21] Notably, Chehade singled out that the "U.S. Government, including the NTIA" had approved the scoping document, and that the scope was "consistent with the views of the leaders of various Internet organizations including the Internet Engineering Task Force, the Internet Society and the Regional Internet Registries."

Scope edit

In addition to including the NTIA's "must-haves" from its March announcement, the scoping document presented a brief overview of the IANA functions and used that as the basis for defining the scope of the transition planning process:

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) functions are a set of interdependent technical functions that enable the continued efficient operation of the Internet. The IANA functions include: (1) the coordination of the assignment of technical Internet protocol parameters; (2) the processing of change requests to the authoritative root zone file of the DNS and root key signing key (KSK) management; (3) the allocation of Internet numbering resources; and (4) other services related to the management of the ARPA and INT top-level domains (TLDs)...
The dialogue and resulting proposal are to focus on defining accountability mechanisms that would serve to replace the current stewardship role played by NTIA to ensure ICANN’s performance of the IANA functions based on the agreements and/or policies provided by the respective bodies (IETF, GNSO, RIRs, ASO, ccTLDs, ccNSO).[20]

The scoping document also identified topics that had emerged during the ongoing community engagement process which, though important, were outside the scope of a process focused on developing a proposal for transition of stewardship of the IANA functions:

  • Policy development related to the IANA functions;
  • ICANN's current role as the IANA functions operator; and
  • A range of issues related to the Internet, but not related to the IANA functions, including data privacy, cybersecurity, child protection, IP protection, the management of TLDs, or the review or reform of ICANN.[20]

The scoping document was the subject of some debate on the listserv after its publication. Many participants disagreed with the limitations on the scope of the conversation. Brenden Kuerbis and Milton Mueller posted an amended version in redline that broadened the scope of discussion, and in particular argued for a continued separation between ICANN and the performance of the IANA functions.[22] When Chehade's "Training Wheels Off" blog post appeared, however, it appeared to some listserv participants that the scoping document was cast in stone.[5]

April 2014 Draft Proposal: Principles, Mechanisms, and Process edit

The draft proposal collected lists of principles and mechanisms proposed by the community during ICANN 49 and via listserv.[19] The report identified ten common themes in each category from the feedback received to date:

Principles Mechanisms
Inclusive
Transparent
Global
Accountable
Multistakeholder
Focused (in scope)
Pragmatic and evidence-based
Open to all voices
Do no harm
Based in consensus
 Web-based platform
Utilize working group methods
Organize dialogues
Leverage existing information and processes
Conduct stress tests
Establish a clear and visible timeline
Recognize discussion in other fora
Make engagement platforms widely accessible
Multilingual support
Multiple comment & feedback fora

Based on the recommendations and feedback received, ICANN proposed a steering group that would be composed of two representatives from each SO and AC, two representatives from "affected parties" IETF, IAB, ISOC, and NRO, a liaison from the ICANN Board, and a secretariat from ICANN staff to act as support to the group.[19] The steering group would be convened in time to convene for a first meeting at ICANN 50. During that meeting, the group would: elect a chair; finalize the group's charter; and establish processes and procedures for development of the transition proposal. Based on the experience of successful working groups, the draft identified three necessary elements of the development process:

  • Provide adequate time for affected parties and other interested parties to identify and define necessary elements of the transition proposal, so that the steering group can effectively deliberate on all elements;
  • "Appropriate" community outreach and input as the proposal is drafted; and
  • The finalization of the proposal for submission to the NTIA should be consensus-driven.[19]

The draft also posed specific questions for the community to consider as it provided comments and feedback. The draft again anticipated the process to be complete before the next expiration of the IANA contract between NTIA and ICANN in September 2015[19]

Public comment on the Draft Proposal was extensive.[5]

June 2014: Process and Next Steps edit

After evaluating community feedback and input, ICANN released a report on changes to the proposed process, as well as other updates and next steps.[23] Based on feedback from a variety of constituencies, the composition and name of the proposed steering group changed: the "coordination group" now included 2 ALAC members, 1 ASO member, 4 ccNSO members (comprised of both ccNSO member and non-member ccTLD managers), 3 (non-registry) GNSO members, 2 members from gTLD registries, 2 GAC members, 1 member from the International Chamber of Commerce/Business Action to Support the Information Society, 2 IAB members, 2 IETF members, 2 ISOC members, 2 NRO members, 2 RSSAC members, and 2 SSAC members. The board liaison and staff expert liaison brought the initial total up to 29 people on the coordination group. ICANN 50 was no longer the venue for the first meeting of the group; instead, the action items for SOs, ACs, and other bodies appointing members "encouraged [the communities] to make their final selections by the end of the ICANN 50 meeting," with a hard deadline for submitting names by July 2, 2014. The new first meeting date was tentatively scheduled for July 16-18, 2014.[23]

There were other alterations to the proposed process, including the addition of "diversity" to the list of defining principles, and a provision that in the event there was not full consensus on an issue, dissenting opinions should be documented during the process. There were no alterations to the scope of the development process.[23]

According to an article authored by Larry Strickling on August 17, 2015, NTIA's Assistant Secretary for Communications and Information and Administrator, the IANA Transition, which was set to begin September 30, 2015 will not be complete until September 30, 2016. The organization believes that while ICANN has made tremendous strides in its transition, it still has more work to accomplish. [24]

Activity and Changes at ICANN 50 edit

ICANN 50, like the meeting before it, contained a great deal of presentation content and community discussion around the IANA Transition and the interrelated issues of governance and accountability.[25] In the lead-up to the main program, both ATLAS II sessions, as well as sessions facilitated by the NCUC, addressed topics of governance and the multistakeholder model.

At the Welcome Ceremony and President's Opening, Fadi Chehade and others emphasized both the importance of the scale and scope of interactions around transition planning, as well as the distinct tracks of conversation that would occur at the conference.[26] The opening session was followed by a high-level government meeting covering the IANA transition, the outcomes from the NetMundial conference, and other governance topics.[27] The meeting featured Larry Strickling and Theresa Swinehart providing a summary of the IANA transition and the NTIA's decision to transition stewardship to the global community.[28] Similarly, at a session on Internet governance, both the NTIA announcement and multistakeholder accountability more broadly were topics in the course of a broader conversation about governance and civil society issues.[29]

On June 26, two sessions were held that directly addressed the twin issues of transition planning[30] and enhancing ICANN's accountability.[31] The IANA Transition meeting featured a presentation on the planning process to date and lessons learned, both from the planning process, and other projects in the history of ICANN.[32] The majority of the time was devoted to public comment. The session on ICANN accountability featured a presentation by Professor Jan Aart Scholte of the University of Gothenburg, who broke down the notion of accountability as it relates to a private organization with a public purpose.[33]

Also at ICANN 50, the GAC made it known that they would prefer to have five seats on the Coordination Group (ICG), rather than two. The GAC subsequently submitted five names for the ICG. In the lead-up to the first in-person meeting of the ICG, the group decided in a preliminary call that the topic of expanding GAC representation, as well as a more general discussion regarding whether the composition of the ICG was fit for purpose, would be added to the agenda of the first meeting.[34]

IANA Stewardship Transition Coordination Group (ICG) edit

Coordination Group Members edit

The Coordination Group was formed by the ICANN community via nominations from 13 community groups, along with an ICANN Board Liaison and an ICANN staff expert, totaling 31 individuals:

Launch and Initial Work Items edit

The ICG held its first meeting in London on July 17 and 18, 2014.[36] During the introductory session of the meeting, Heather Dryden explained the GAC's reasoning for submitting five nominees to the ICG:

The five nominees that the GAC has identified or put forward to participate are formed within the GAC as what we are calling a content group. So that's also including the vice chairs in addition to those nominees. And the idea is so the vice chairs and the nominees support the chair of the GAC and to coordinate communication to and from the broader GAC membership. The emphasis here is not on advancing individual country perspectives.[37]

During discussions at the first day of the meeting, it was agreed that the CG would welcome all five of the GAC appointees, bringing the grand total of seats to 29 members appointed from the stakeholder communities.[37] Alissa Cooper was nominated as the interim chair, pending a final decision on the organization of the ICG and it leadership team.[38] The group also created a draft charter for public comment[39], as well as issuing its first statement to the community regarding its progress at the meeting and the work to come.[40]

In teleconference meetings following the first in-person meeting, Patrik_Fältström and Mohamed El Bashir were named vice chairs.

Meeting at IGF 2014 edit

The ICG's next in-person meeting was at the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) in Istanbul in September 2014.[36] The group finalized its request for proposals (RFP) to the three "operational communities" - "those with direct operational or service relationships with the IANA functions operator, in connection with names, numbers, or protocol parameters" - for proposals for the transition of the IANA functions stewardship. The RFP specified that proposals should:

  • be complete and formal;
  • be developed through a transparent and open process, engaging all interested parties within each operational community on all points of substance;
  • include details regarding the operational community's relationship to IANA, existing arrangements regarding the IANA functions, proposed oversight and accountability mechanisms post-transition, implications of the transition (logistics, risks to continuity, etc.), and a section describing the proposal's accommodation of the NTIA's requirements for transition proposals.[41]

The meeting also focused on the project timeline, as well as the methods by which the group would determine consensus.[42] The resulting "ICG Guidelines for Decision Making" was published by the group in mid-September 2014.[43]

ICANN 51 edit

At ICANN 51, the ICG met with the ALAC and GAC, as well as holding a public engagement session for the entire community.[36] The ALAC and GAC meetings featured presentations from ICG members regarding the mission of the ICG, community development of proposals, and expectations and timelines regarding community participation.[44] The public session featured a similar presentation at the beginning, with many questions being fielded from the community.[45]

At the Public Forum, the twin topics of IANA transition and ICANN Accountability were again first on the agenda for public comment.[46] At the board meeting following the forum, the board approved a resolution setting out the procedures in the event that the board disagreed with a recommendation from the Cross Community Working Group on ICANN Accountability.[47] The procedure involved options for dialogue and refinement around any recommendation that the board considered to be against the global public interest.[47] Upon passage of the resolution, Bruce Tonkin noted:

One other question we've received this week is regarding how we would handle the output from the IANA transition coordination group. What we will do now that we passed this resolution, is we will then send this proposed approach to that coordination group for their consideration. And hopefully we'll be able to come up with a similar mechanism to, again, provide certainty in how we will be handling that.[47]

The comment was the subject of discussion in the ICG's meeting the following day.[48]

CWG-Stewardship Meeting edit

The IANA Stewardship Transition Cross Community Working Group on Naming Related Functions (CWG-Stewardship) held its second meeting, and first face-to-face meeting, at ICANN 51 as well. Agenda topics included finalization of leadership roles, timeline and organization of work, and a review of the ICG RFP.[49]

ICG Meeting edit

The ICG also held a day-long meeting at ICANN 51 to continue work on its tasks and objectives.[50] During the agenda bashing session, Martin Boyle brought up the resolution regarding CCWG-Accountability and the implications for the ICG's work: "The board resolution yesterday, both in its relationship to the ICANN accountability and also in relation to this group, provides a safeguard mechanism that allows the ICANN board to reject our paper." The issue was added to the agenda section devoted to the ICG's relationship with and to the CCWG-Accountability and its work, which become more broadly focused on relationships with external orgs and projects.[48] The consensus opinion was that any preference or privileged position for the ICANN Board's opinion of the final consolidated proposal was unacceptable. Milton Mueller was the strongest advocate for the ICG's independence:

I don't think we can be put in a position where we're giving a particular organization a special opportunity to make the proposal acceptable to them. ICANN can file public comments on the final proposal...But we would also see how much support it had from the rest of the community when they raised this issue. But this idea of bilateral negotiations, I think, is completely unacceptable. It implies that they don't need -- that we're negotiating with them, that we're responding especially to them. Whereas, this is a proposal about the entire community and about their relationship to the IANA functions which, of course, is a contracted function, that they have no special permanent claim to before now other than what the NTIA chose to give them. So I think this is very important, and we have to be very clear about this.[48]

Kuo-Wei Wu acknowledged the concerns raised, and noted initially that there had been no substantive conversation regarding the issue of crafting a procedure similar to the CCWG-Accountability process.[48]

This phase of the meeting also addressed interactions with and expectations around both the IANA Stewardship Transition Cross Community Working Group on Naming Related Functions (CWG-Stewardship), and the CCWG-Accountability.[48]

Congressional Action on IANA Transfer edit

On the 4th December 2014, a large federal funding bill for over $1 trillion passed the United States House of Representatives to which Republicans had attached a rider disallowing budget expenditures by the NTIA related to the transfer of the IANA functions stewardship before October 2015. The global internet community reacted with "a combination of weariness and growing cynicism about the United States and its role in Internet governance."[51]

At ICANN 52, Larry Strickling addressed the issue in his presentation to the community:

With respect to the appropriations restriction, we take that seriously. And we will not use appropriated funds this year to terminate the IANA functions contract prior to September 30th, 2015. But I want to go on to say that the legislative language makes it just as clear that Congress didn't really put NTIA on the sidelines, nor did it put this process on the sideline. I think Congress envisioned that the community would continue to work on the transition. And, indeed, it imposed reporting requirements on us to keep Congress fully informed of what's happening here and in the meetings that have been occurring to set the transition plan.[52]

ICANN 52 - Working Group Reports and Progress edit

By the time of ICANN 52, the work of the three operational communities had coalesced around three working groups: IETF's IANAPLAN working group (IANAPLAN WG) for protocols; the Number Resources Community's CRISP (Consolidated RIR IANA Stewardship Proposal) Team; and the CWG-Stewardship team for the names community.[53] These three teams joined the ICG in a joint presentation regarding their work on transition proposals.[54] The session came roughly three weeks after the deadline for proposals under the revised project timeline[55] At the time, the IANAPLAN WG and CRISP Team had both submitted proposals.[56][57] The CWG-Stewardship had not yet submitted a proposal.[58] However, the working group had put together a first draft proposal in December 2014. This proposal was intended to capture the initial thoughts of the stakeholders within the naming operational community, and as a continued public consultation regarding the naming community's opinions on the proposed course.[59] Each team's presentation described their process and progress to date.[60][61][62] All three operational community working groups encouraged attendees to read the full proposals or, in the case of the CWG-Stewardship team, follow along with the group's progress and engage through public comment or other channels.[63]

The agenda of ICANN 52 was intensely focused on the IANA transition. At the Welcome Ceremony and President's Opening session, Steve Crocker took the unique step of inviting representatives from the SOs and ACs to discuss the transition and how it would impact their organizations and their relationship to names, numbers, and protocols. Ira Magaziner was also invited to speak on the history of the IANA functions and the equally historic decision to transition the functions to the global internet community.[64] Fadi Chehade's opening remarks celebrated the progress that the community had made thus far, and urged faith in the institution and in the community as the work continued.[64]

At the session devoted to updates from the IANA Transition and ICANN accountability enhancement work, Larry Strickling expressed both optimism and caution about the progress made so far. Noting that there were some aspects of the CWG-Stewardship's draft proposal that would involve substantial time, Strickling raised some points of concern:

That particular proposal proposes the creation of several new entities to be involved in the naming‐related processes. And we asked two weeks ago [at the 2015 State of the Net Conference, and I ask again today, for the community to consider whether the creation of these new entities might interfere with the security and stability of the Domain Name System both during and after the transition. And I also ask that the community consider that given the need to develop, implement, and test these structures prior to a final transition, can they get it all done in a time frame consistent with the expectations of all stakeholders?
I asked today at a meeting where some representatives of the CWG were present whether there had been any discussion or any estimate of the length of time it might take to implement some of these proposals that have been put on the table. And I have to say no one could answer that, and I hope everyone understands that implementation has to be factored into the time frame for transition. And if what's being proposed is going to take a year to implement, well, that will delay the ultimate transition of the IANA functions.[52]

Strickling also raised concerns about the lack of attention thus far to the "actual operational needs of the registry community."[52] Ira Magaziner also spoke at the session, again recalling the history of ICANN and the birth of the Internet. He concluded with optimism:

So let me just finish my remarks by saying you have a real challenge now as a group, as the ICANN broader community, the multistakeholder community, to create a process. I know it doesn't have to be done in any particular time, as Larry said. I would suggest doing it as quickly as you can, because I think there's a window of opportunity here to get it done and you ought to seize that window. And I think you have a real responsibility to do this carefully and correctly because just as the past 19 years have worked out pretty well for the Internet, it is in your hands how the next 50 years are going to work out, to make sure that this is all done properly.
So it is worth your time, it is worth your energy, and if you do this right, the world's going to continue to benefit from the Internet in ways we can't even conceive, going forward.[52]

As the session was drawing to a close, Strickling restated a concern that many had raised during the session:

It's apparent, just in the time I've been here, that the CWG work is becoming the critical path to getting this thing done. I think it should be apparent to anybody who has watched the presentations of the CWG and the presentations of the CCWG that much of what the CWG is looking at seems to me to be a direct overlap of the task that's been given to the CCWG, and I think that the community really ought to sit down and think hard about why there are two tracks looking at the same thing, and does it make sense to be more efficient and move the accountability questions into the CCWG.[52]

ICANN 53 edit

ICANN 53 was the last ICANN meeting to be held before the expiration of ICANN's contract with the NTIA to perform the IANA functions. Although the contract was renewable for up to four additional years, the hope of the ICG was to complete the process before the expiration of the contract at the end of September, 2015.[65] Unsurprisingly, much programming and discussion regarding the transition occurred at ICANN 53.

Larry Strickling was again front and center in the discussions of timing and planning for a likely extension of the IANA functions contract:

Everyone here likely knows that the current IANA contract expires on September 30th. And everyone here can likely surmise that the transition planning, including implementation, is not going to be done by that date. So we're faced with the issue of how long to extent the contract. Today we can exercise an option to extend to contract two years, to September 2017. I, of course, am concerned that if we simply extend the contract two years, it will send a signal to the community that it doesn't have to work as hard to get the plan, or worse, it might be misinterpreted as a lessening of United States Government support to complete the transition. So several weeks ago I asked the community leaders of the ICG and the CCWG to provide me with an update on the status of the transition planning and their views as to how long it's going to take to finalize the plan and implement it, once it is approved. We hope to get responses from the community shortly after the meetings here are concluded this week, and we are assuming the community will advise us that the work will take less than two years. And assuming that's the case, we will sit down with ICANN to negotiate an extension of the contract in line with the community's wishes.[66]

At the Welcome Ceremony and President's Introduction,[67] Fadi Chehadé's speech focused on the IANA Transition and its progress. In his opening remarks, Chehadé outlined three important areas of focus: strengthening ICANN and preparing it for the transition; fortifying community support; and reinforcing bonds with ICANN's technical community.[68][69]

August 2015: NTIA Extends IANA Functions Contract for One Year edit

On August 17, 2017, the NTIA announced its decision to extend the IANA functions contract with ICANN for one year.[70] In his message to the community, Larry Strickling wrote:

This one-year extension will provide the community with the time it needs to finish its work. The groups are already far along in planning the IANA transition and are currently taking comments on their IANA transition proposals. As we indicated in a recent Federal Register notice[71], we encourage all interested stakeholders to engage and weigh in on the proposals.[70]

Videos edit

IANA Stewardship Process Interrelation edit

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Fadi Chehade at ICANN 53 edit

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Theresa Swinehart Announces NTIA's extension of the IANA functions contract edit

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References edit

  1. ↑ NTIA.gov - NTIA Announces Intent to Transition Key Internet Domain Name Functions, March 14, 2014
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Internet Society - IANA Timeline
  3. ↑ Press Release March 14, 2014
  4. ↑ ICANN 49 Archive - Full Schedule, March 21-27, 2014
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 ICANN.org Listserv Archive - IANA Transition, 2014-2017
  6. ↑ ICANN 49 Archive - NCUC Conference on Internet Governance - the Road to Sao Paolo and Beyond, March 21, 2014
  7. ↑ Netmundial.br Archive - Netmundial Conference, April 23-24, 2014
  8. ↑ ICANN 49 Archive - NCUC Morning Transcript, March 21, 2014
  9. ↑ ICANN 49 Archive - Transcript, NCUC Keynote Assessment, March 21, 2014
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 ICANN 49 Archive - Transcript, Welcome Ceremony & President's Welcome, March 24, 2014
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 ICANN 49 Archive - IANA Accountability Transition, March 24, 2014
  12. ↑ ICANN 49 Archive - Presentation deck, IANA Accountability Transition, March 24, 2014
  13. ↑ ICANN 49 Archive - ICANN Accountability, March 24, 2014
  14. ↑ ICANN 49 Archive - Presentation Deck, AoC Accountability, March 24, 2014
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 ICANN 49 Archive - Transcript, ICANN Accountability & the AoC, March 24, 2014
  16. ↑ ICANN 49 Archive - Strategy Panels and the Planning Process, March 24, 2014
  17. ↑ ICANN 49 Archive - Update on Internet Governance, March 26, 2014
  18. ↑ ICANN 49 Archive - Transcript, Public Forum, March 27, 20174
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 ICANN.org Archive - Draft Proposal of the Principles, Mechanisms, and Process to Develop a Proposal for the IANA Transition, April 8, 2014
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 IANA Transition Scoping Document, April 8, 2014 (PDF)
  21. ↑ ICANN.org Blog - Training Wheels Off, April 11, 2014
  22. ↑ Google Docs - Transition Proposal Scoping Document, last modified April 10, 2014
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 ICANN.org - IANA Transition: Process and Next Steps, June 6, 2014
  24. ↑ [1] An Update on the IANA Transition. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  25. ↑ ICANN 50 Archive - Full Schedule, June 19-26, 2014
  26. ↑ ICANN 50 Archive - Transcript, Welcome Ceremony and President's Opening, June 23, 2014
  27. ↑ ICANN 50 Archive - Agenda, High-Level Government Meeting, June 23, 2014
  28. ↑ ICANN 50 Archive - Transcript, High-Level Government Meeting, June 23, 2014
  29. ↑ ICANN 50 Archive - Transcript, Internet Governance, July 25, 2014
  30. ↑ ICANN 50 Archive - Transition of NTIA's Stewardship of the IANA Functions, June 26, 2014
  31. ↑ ICANN 50 Archive - Enhancing ICANN's Accountability, June 26, 2014
  32. ↑ ICANN 50 Archive - Presentation Deck, IANA Stewardship Transition, June 26, 2014
  33. ↑ ICANN 50 Archive - Presentation Deck, Enhancing ICANN Accountability, June 26, 2014
  34. ↑ ICANN.org Archive - Transcript - ICG Call #1, July 10, 2014
  35. ↑ ICG Internal Listserv Archive - Adiel Akplogan, "My participation to the ICG," January 21, 2015
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 ICANN.org - ICG Meetings Archive, last updated March 1, 2016
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 ICANN.org Archive - Transcript, ICG Meeting #1 (Day 1), July 17, 2014
  38. ↑ ICANN Archive - Transcript, ICG Meeting #1 (Day 2), July 18, 2014
  39. ↑ ICG Archive - Draft Charter, July 17, 2014
  40. ↑ ICANN.org Archive - Statement from the First Meeting of the IANA Stewardship Transition Coordination Group, July 18, 2018
  41. ↑ IANA Stewardship Transition Coordination Group - Request for Proposals, September 8, 2014
  42. ↑ ICG Meeting Archive - Transcript, ICG Meeting #2 (Istanbul), September 6, 2014
  43. ↑ ICANN.org Archive - ICG Guidelines for Decision Making, September 17, 2014
  44. ↑ ICANN.org Archive - ICANN 51 ICG-ALAC Meeting Presentation Deck, October 14, 2014
  45. ↑ ICANN 51 Archive - Transcript, ICG Community Session, October 16, 2014
  46. ↑ ICANN 51 Archive - Public Forum Transcript, October 16, 2014
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 ICANN 51 Archive - Transcript, Board Meeting, October 16, 2014
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 48.4 ICANN 51 Archive - Transcript, ICG Meeting, October 17, 2014
  49. ↑ CWG-Stewardship Workspace - IANA CWG Meeting #2, October 13, 2014
  50. ↑ ICANN 51 Archive - ICG Meeting, October 17, 2014
  51. ↑ Congress defunds IANA transitionRetrieved 15th December 2014.
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 52.4 ICANN 52 Archive - Transcript, IANA Stewardship Transition and Enhancing ICANN Accountability, February 8, 2015
  53. ↑ IANA Stewardship Transition Archive - Operational Community Hub
  54. ↑ ICANN 52 Archive - Responses to the ICG RFP Regarding the IANA Stewardship Transition, February 9, 2015
  55. ↑ ICG Process Timeline, Updated January 7, 2015
  56. ↑ IETF Datatracker - Internet Draft: Draft Response to the ICG RFP (version 09), January 6, 2015
  57. ↑ NRO.net Archive - CRISP Team Proposal - 2nd Draft, January 8, 2015
  58. ↑ ICANN.org - IANA Stewardship Transition Overview and Timeline
  59. ↑ CWG-Stewardship Workspace - Draft Proposal for Public Consultation, December 1, 2014
  60. ↑ ICANN 52 Archive - IANAPLAN WG Presentation Deck, February 9, 2015
  61. ↑ ICANN 52 Archive - CRISP Team Presentation Deck, February 9, 2015
  62. ↑ ICANN 52 Archive - CWG-Stewardship Presentation Deck, February 9, 2015
  63. ↑ ICANN 52 Archive - Transcript, Responding to the ICG RFP, February 9, 2015
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 ICANN 52 Archive - Transcript, Welcome Ceremony and President's Opening, February 9, 2015
  65. ↑ CircleID - Alissa Cooper: IANA Transition Planning Proceeding in Fine Internet Style, January 20, 2015
  66. ↑ ICANN 53 Archive - Transcript, IANA Stewardship Transition and Enhancing ICANN's Accountability, June 21, 2015
  67. ↑ ICANN 53 Archive - Welcome Ceremony and President's Introduction, June 22, 2015
  68. ↑ ICANN 53 Archive - President's Keynote Transcript, June 22, 2015
  69. ↑ YouTube - ICANN President's Introduction at ICANN 53
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 NTIA Blog - An Update on the IANA Transition, August 17, 2015
  71. ↑ [www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/fr_iana_transition_comment_notice_08102015.pdf Federal Register - IANA Stewardship Transition Consolidated Proposal and ICANN Accountability Enhancements: Request for Comments], August 10, 2015

Generic Names Supporting Organization. Develops and recommends to the Board substantive policies relating to generic top-level domains and other responsibilities set forth in the Bylaws (ICANN Bylaws).

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