Generic Names Supporting Organization

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The Generic Names Supporting Organization (GNSO) brings together smaller stakeholder groups, which in turn bring together constituencies and other groups, together into one Supporting Organization to develop policies, form consensus, and make recommendations related to gTLDs to the ICANN Board. This body was previously known as the Domain Name Supporting Organization (DNSO), which it replaced in 2003.

Overview

The main objective of the GNSO is to keep gTLDs operating in a fair and orderly manner across the Internet, while promoting innovation and competition. Some examples of the types of issues that the GNSO face are:

• During the registration of a domain name, what type of services must the registrar provide?
• If the registrant forgets to renew the domain name, and lets it to expires, how can the domain name be recovered?
• What happens if someone registers a domain name that is very similar to another domain name?

Stakeholder Groups/Constituencies

Four Stakeholder Groups appoint 18 individuals to the GNSO council. Two appointments are also made by the ICANN's Nominating Committee. Certain Stakeholder groups, like the commercial one, also delegate appointments to their constituencies.

• Non-Commercial Users Stakeholder Group, 6 appointments
• Commercial Stakeholder Group, 6 total appointments coming from constituencies
  • Commercial and Business Users Constituency, 2 appointments
  • Intellectual Property Interests Constituency, 2 appointments
  • Internet Service and Connection Providers Constituency, 2 appointments
• Registrar Stakeholder Group, 3 appointments
• Registry Stakeholder Group, 3 appointments

GNSO Council

The GNSO Council consists of 22 members, 20 of which are full voting members; they come from a variety of different regions and represent the aforementioned Stakeholder Groups and Constituencies involved in ICANN's multi-stakeholder model. Jonathan Robinson is its current chair.

Members Include:

Contracted Parties House

Registry Stakeholder Group

• Bret Fausett, North America, (December 2010 - Annual Meeting 2016)
• Jonathan Robinson, Europe, (Term ends at Annual Meeting 2015) Chair
• Donna Austin, Asia/Pacific, (Term ends at Annual Meeting 2016)

Registrar Stakeholder Group

• James Bladel, North America (term ends AGM 2015)
• Volker Greimann, Europe (term ends after 2016 Annual Meeting) Vice-Chair
• Yoav Keren, Asia Pacific (term ends AGM 2016)

Nominating Committee Appointee (Voting)

• Thomas Rickert, (Germany)

Non-Contracted Parties House

Commercial Stakeholder Group

Commercial and Business Users - Business Constituency

• Philip Corwin, (North America, Term ends Annual Meeting 2015)
• Susan Kawaguchi, (North America, Term ends at Annual Meeting 2016)

Intellectual Property Interests - Intellectual Property Constituency

• Brian Winterfeldt, North America (term ends at Annual Meeting 2015)
• Heather Forrest, Asia Pacific (term ends at Annual Meeting 2016)

ISP Interests - ISP Constituency

• Tony Holmes, (Europe, Terms ends at Annual Meeting 2015)
• Osvaldo Novoa, (Latin America/Caribbean, Term ends at Annual Meeting 2015)

Non-Commercial Stakeholder Group

• Stephanie Perrin, (North America) term ends at AGM 2016
• Edward Morris, (North America) term ends at AGM 2016
• Marilia Maciel, (Latin America/Caribbean) term ends at AGM 2015
• Avri Doria, (North America) term ends at AGM 2015
• David Cake, (Asia Pacific) term ends at AGM 2016 Vice-Chair
• Amr Elsadr, (Africa) term ends at AGM 2015

Nominating Committee Appointee (Voting)

• Daniel Reed (NA)

Observers & Liaisons

• Patrick Myles is the ccNSO liaison, and is not counted as a member and is non-voting.
• Cheryl Langdon-Orr is the ALAC liaison, he is counted as a member but is non-voting.
• Jennifer Wolfe, NomCom Appointee (non-voting) not affiliated with the Contracted Parties House or the Non-Contracted Parties House.

GNSO Development Process

The GNSO is the primary engine within the ICANN community for developing, recommending changes, and making modifications to generic top-level domain policies. The GNSO aims to identify ways to improve the inclusiveness and representativeness of its work while increasing its effectiveness and efficiency.

An important GNSO improvement was the development of recommendations for the new GNSO policy development process. The ICANN Board launched a set of recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the GNSO in June, 2008. These recommendations were related to GNSO activities, operations and structure.

GNSO Improvements

The main areas of GNSO improvements which were approved by the Board, and are being implemented by the GNSO, are classified into five main categories:

1. The creation of a Working Group Model
2. Revising the PDP (Policy Development process)
3. The restructuring of GNSO Council
4. Communication improvement and a better coordination between ICANN structures
5. Improving constituency procedures

Implementation of URS

In September 2012, ICANN senior executive Kurt Pritz sent a public email to GNSO Council Chairman Stephane Van Gelder advising him that URS implementation could begin after a year of delay. Implementing URS included a pair of open meetings in Fall 2012, including one at ICANN 45 in Toronto. ICANN acknowledged the role played by the GNSO Council in developing and approving the model and said they were willing to "work in whichever way the GNSO wishes to proceed".

ICANN Supporting Organizations

Apart from GNSO, there are other SO's (supporting organizations) and advisory committees which help ICANN to fulfill its objectives. They include:

• Address Supporting Organization (ASO)
• Country Code Domain Name Supporting Organization (ccNSO)
• At-Large Advisory Committee (ALAC)
• Governmental Advisory Committee (GAC)

Chinese version of this page/本页中文版

通用名称支持组织（GNSO）

通用名称支持组织（GNSO）集合小型的利益相关团体，进而集合支持者组织和其他团体共同组成了一个负责政策开发、达成共识并且向ICANN董事会推荐通用顶级域相关建议的支持组织。通用名称支持组织的前身是域名支持组织（DNSO），在2003年更名。

概述

GNSO的主要目标是保持通用顶级域在互联网上以公平有序的方式运作，同时鼓励创新和竞争。GNSO所面临的问题类型包括：

• 在一个域名的注册过程中，注册商必须提供什么类型的服务？
• 如果注册人忘记给域名续费，并且任由其过期，那么如何重新获得这个域名呢？
• 如果一个人注册的域名与另一个域名非常相似，会发生什么情况？

利益相关团体/支持者组织

四家利益相关团体向GNSO委员会委派18位成员。还有两名成员由ICANN的提名委员会委派。特定的利益相关团体，比如商业性利益相关团体，也授权其支持者组织委派成员。

• 非商业用户利益相关团体，委派6位成员
• 商业性利益相关团体，委派来自支持者组织的共6位成员
  • 商业和企业用户支持者组织，委派2位成员
  • 知识产权权益支持者组织，委派2位成员
  • 互联网服务和连接提供商支持者组织 ，委派2位成员
• 注册商利益相关团体，委派3位成员
• 注册局利益相关团体，委派3位成员

GNSO委员会

GNSO委员会由22位成员组成，其中有20位为具有完全表决权的成员；他们来自各种不同的地区并且在ICANN的多利益相关方模型中代表上述的利益相关团体和支持者组织。目前的主席是Jonathan Robinson。 成员包括：

缔约方机构

注册局利益相关团体

• Bret Fausett，北美，（2010年12月 – 2016年年会）
• Jonathan Robinson，欧洲（任期截止至2015年年会）主席
• Donna Austin ，亚洲/太平洋（任期截止至2016年年会）

注册商利益相关团体

• James Bladel，北美（任期截止至2015年年度大会）
• Volker Greimann，欧洲（任期截止至2016年年会 ）副主席
• Yoav Keren，亚太（任期截止至2016年年度大会）

提名委员会被任命人

• Thomas Rickert ，（德国）

非缔约方机构

商业性利益相关团体

商业和企业用户 – 企业支持者组织

• Philip Corwin ，（北美，任期截止至2015年年会）
• Susan Kawaguchi ，（北美，任期截止至2015年年会）

知识产权权益 - 知识产权支持者组织

• Brian Winterfeldt ，北美（任期截止至2015年年会）
• Heather Forrest ，亚太（任期截止至2016年年会）

互联网服务提供商 利益群体 – 互联网服务提供商支持者组织

• Tony Holmes ，（欧洲，任期截止至2015年年会）
• Osvaldo Novoa ，（拉丁美洲/加勒比海，任期截止至2015年年会）

非商业性利益相关团体

• Stephanie Perrin ，（北美）任期截止至2015年年度大会
• Edward Morris ，（北美）任期截止至2016年年度大会
• Marilia Maciel ，（拉丁美洲/加勒比海）任期截止至2015年年度大会
• Avri Doria ，（北美）任期截止至2015年年度大会
• David Cake ，（亚太）任期截止至2016年年度大会，副主席
• Amr Elsadr ，（非洲）任期截止至2015年年度大会

提名委员会 被任命人

• Daniel Reed ，（北美）

观察员和联络员

• Patrick Myles 是国家代码域名支持组织的联络员，不计为成员并且不具有表决权。
• Alan Greenberg 是一般会员咨询委员会的一名联络员，他属于会员但不具有表决权。
• Jennifer Wolfe ，提名委员会被任命人，不属于缔约方机构或非缔约方机构。

GNSO发展进程

GNSO是ICANN社区内部参与通用顶级域政策开发、针对通用顶级域提出变更建议并且做出修改的主要引擎。GNSO的目标是发现能够在增加其工作有效性和效率的同时改进其工作的包容性和代表性的方法。 GNSO的一项重要改进就是对新GNSO政策开发流程提出建议。2008年6月，ICANN董事会推出了一套用以改进GNSO有效性的建议。这些建议与GNSO的活动、运作和结构相关。

GNSO改进

已经获得董事会批准并且正由GNSO实施的GNSO主要改进方面可以分为五大主要类别：

1. 工作组模型的创建
2. 修改政策开发流程（PDP）
3. GNSO委员会的结构调整
4. 沟通改进以及ICANN 结构之间的更好协调
5. 改进支持者组织规程

实施统一快速暂停系统(URS)

2012年9月，ICANN高级主管Kurt Pritz给GNSO委员会主席Stephane Van Gelder发了一封公开信，他在信中建议URS系统在推迟一年之后可以开始了。实施URS系统涉及在2012年秋季召开的两次公开会议，包括在多伦多举行ICANN第45届会议期间召开的一次。 ICANN认可了GNSO委员会在开发和审核该模式中发挥的作用，并且表示他们将愿意“以GNSO希望的任何方式开展工作。”

ICANN支持组织

除了GNSO之外，帮助ICANN 实现其目标的还有其他支持组织和咨询委员会。他们之中包括：

• 地址支持组织 (ASO)
• 国家代码域名支持组织 (ccNSO)
• 一般会员咨询委员会 (ALAC)
• 政府咨询委员会 (GAC)

This translation was provided thanks to Allegravita LLC as pro-bono support

Generic Names Supporting Organization. Develops and recommends to the Board substantive policies relating to generic top-level domains and other responsibilities set forth in the Bylaws (ICANN Bylaws).

Deprecated. Domain Name Supporting Organization. Predecessor of the Generic Names Supporting Organization, which advised the Board with respect to policy issues relating to the Domain Name System (ICANN Bylaws).

Nominating Committee

Address Supporting Organization. Advises the Board with respect to policy issues relating to the operation, assignment, and management of Internet addresses (ICANN Bylaws).

Country Code Names Supporting Organization. Develops and recommends to the Board global policies relating to country-code top-level domains (ICANN Bylaws).

At-Large Advisory Committee. Considers and provides advice on the activities of ICANN related to the interests of individual Internet users (ICANN Bylaws). Not to be confused with the Non-Commercial Stakeholder Group.

Governmental Advisory Committee. Considers and provides advice on the activities of ICANN as they relate to concerns of governments, particularly matters where there may be an interaction between ICANN's policies and various laws and international agreements or where they may affect public policy issues (ICANN Bylaws).

Policy Development Process