ICANN Fellowship Program

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ICANN Fellow refers to an individual who is a member of the Internet community and recipient of a grant provided by the ICANN Fellowship Program.

The ICANN Fellowship Program provides financial grants to 25 eligible individuals to attend a given ICANN meeting as to actively contribute to ICANN processes, the Multistakeholder Model and to become part of the future leaders of the Internet governing body. The grant covers the economy class airfare, hotel accomodation, and a stipend needed to attend an ICANN conference. An effort is made to include more fellows from the region a given meeting is being held in.

Background

Theresa Swinehart, ICANN Counsel for International Affairs, proposed the implementation of the ICANN Fellowship Program during the Special Meeting of the ICANN Board on April 25, 2007. Swinehart informed the Board that the fellowship program had been under development from the ICANN Operational Plan Project 4F for a significant period of time and it is ready to invite applications for participants in the next ICANN Meeting, which was to be held in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The ICANN Board unanimously approved the implementation of the ICANN Fellowship Program. The first ICANN Fellowship program was composed of thirty three fellows who were selected from 125 applications.

Mission

The ICANN Fellowship Programs aims to achieve the following objectives:

• Strengthen the knowledge base of ICANN constituents by reaching out to less developed countries
• Build the capacity of existing ICANN constituency groups
• Increase the awareness of the ICANN Fellows about the latest issues affecting the Internet community worldwide
• Encourage the ICANN Fellows to become more active in their respective countries to help in the development of the Internet for the future
• Encourage the alumni of the Fellowship Program to serve as the new voice of experience in the future

Fellowships Committee

The Fellowships Committee (FC) is made up of responsible individuals who are qualified to receive the grant from the ICANN Fellowship program based on the criteria set by the ICANN Board. Its responsibilities include:

• Selection of fellows from all the applicants based on the criteria set forth in the application and evaluation process
• Provide information and feedback to the ICANN Board and Staff about the planning, implementation and evaluation of the fellowship program
• Conduct outreach to support the program and to create a list of potential members of the selection committee in the future

Current FC members include:

• Nashwa Abdel-Baki – Western Asia
• Tatiana Chirev – Eastern Europe
• Alejandro Pisanty – Latin America
• Nii Quaynor - Africa
• Hong Xue – Asia Pacific

Criteria

Individuals may be eligible to receive a grant from the ICANN Fellowship Program if the following criteria are met:

• Applicant must be a citizen of a low, lower-middle of upper-middle income country based on World Bank Economic classification
• Able to practice the knowledge and experiences gained from the fellowship program to become part of ICANN's future leadership
• Displays contributions to the Internet community or interest in ICANN policy development, fellowship alumni network, stimulating local interest in ICANN and ICANN supporting organizations or advisory committee.

Fellowship Program Participants

ICANN 48 in Durban

Adrian Quesada Rodriguez - Costa Rica (Academic), Alejandro Jacobo Acosta Alamo – Venezuela – Academic and LACNIC member. Amir Qayyum – Pakistan – Academic, Andrew Rarumae – Solomon Islands – Business – member ccNSO, Artak Barseghyan – Armenia – Government, Asteway Shoarega Negash – Ethiopia – Academic, Carlos Alberto Villaseñor – Costa Rica – Not For Profit and ccTLD member, Claudine Sugira – Rwanda – Not For Profit, Dejan Djukic – Serbia – Not For Profit, Don Peduru Pradeep Eranga Samararathna – Sri Lanka – Not For Profit, Eddy Kayihura Mabano – Rwanda – Business, Etuate Cocker – Tonga - Academic, Farzaneh Badiei – Iran - Internet Governance Forum Secretariat, Gul-e Rana – Pakistan – Academic, João Carlos Caribé – Brazil – Not For Profit and NCSG, Kadian Davis – Jamaica – Academic – member NCSG and NCUC, Karel Douglas – Trinidad and Tobago – Government, Mamadou LO – Senegal – End User and Afrinic member, Maritza Yesenia Aguero Miñano– Peru – Government, Mona Melhem El Achkar – Lebanon – Academic, Mwendwa Kivuva – Kenya – Civil Society and Business, Registrar, Oleg Demidov– Russia – Not For Profit. Patricia Marie Thérèse Gnilane Senghor – Senegal - End User, Paul Muchene – Kenya – Business, Sarah Kiden – Uganda – Academic, Tuhaise Robert – Uganda – Academic, Ulkar Bayramova – Azerbaijan – Academic and At Large

ICANN 46 in Beijing

Vanessa Cravo – Brazil – Gov't, Bahaaeldin Toman – West Bank and Gaza – Civil Society, Rosalia Morales Acosta – Costa Rica – ccNSO, Gava Lakau – Papua New Guinea – Gov't, Plamena Petrova Popova – Bulgaria – Academic, Don Peduru Pradeep Eranga Samararathna – Sri Lanka – Not For Profit, Leon Felipe Sanchez Ambia – Mexico – Academic, Fatima Cambronero – Argentina – Civil Society, Abibu Rashid Ntahigiye – United Republic of Tanzania – Not For Profit, Inam Ali – Jordan – Gov't, Rommel Natividad – Marshall Islands – Gov't, Berry Amol – Papua New Guinea – Academic, Nicolás Caballero – Paraguay – Not for Profit / GAC, Shakeel Ahmed – Pakistan – Not for Profit/Gov't, Ahmed Bakhat Masood – Pakistan – Gov't, Sonny Zulhuda – Malaysia – Academic, Naveed Haq – Pakistan – Gov't, Adela Elena Danciu – Romania – Academic, Walid Al-Saqaf – Yemen – Academic, Ping Yang – People's Republic of China – Business, Beran Dondeh Gillen – Gambia – Gov't, Celia Lerman – Argentina – Business/Academic, Lyndel McDonald – Jamaica – Gov't, João Caribé – Brazil – Not for Profit, Hassan Zaheer – Pakistan – Business, Grace Githaiga – Kenya – Not for Profit, Kinfemicheal Yilma Desta – Ethiopia – Academic, Parama Anandan – India – Not for Profit, Maria Gabriela Gijon – Argentina – End User, Daria Barinova – Russia – Academic, Hadji Mmadi Ali – Comoros – End User/new member ccNSO

ICANN 45 in Toronto

Artak Barseghyan – Armenia – Gov't, Fedor Smirnov – Russia - Business, Ali Almeshal – Bahrain - Civil, Narayan Gangalaramsamy – Mauritius – Gov't, Magaly Peres Pazello – Brazil - Civil, Vanessa Cravo - Brazil – Gov't, Gary Campbell – Jamaica – Gov't/GAC, Marwan Radwan – West Bank and Gaza – Civil and ccNSO, Bahaaeldin Toman – West Bank and Gaza – Civil Society, Francisco Javier Vera Hott – Chile – Not for Profit, Ulkar Bayramova – Azerbaijan – Academic and At-Large, Victor Ndonnang – Cameroon – Civil Society and At-Large, Pascal Guillaume Bekono – Cameroon – Academic - Business, Amir Qayyum – Pakistan - Academic, Rosalia Morales Acosta – Costa Rica – ccNSO, Almaz Bakenov – Kyrgyz Republic – Gov't Simon Balthazar – United Republic of Tanzania - ccNSO, Shivanjni Anamika – Fiji – Civil Society, Bikram Shrestha – Nepal – Gov't, Gava Lakau – Papua New Guinea – Gov't, Enkhbold Gombo – Mongolia – ccNSO and Business, Mona Melhem El Achkar – Lebanon - Academic, Yahia Abd Elhakam Mahmoud – Egypt – Gov't, Walusungu Gondwe – Malawi – Academic and NCUC, Plamena Petrova Popova – Bulgaria - Academic, Andreas Sifiso Diamini – Swaziland – Gov't, Cheikh Abdallahi Cheikh Baye – Mauritania – Gov't

ICANN 44 in Prague

Ibrohim Djuraev – Uzbekistan – Gov't Zaur Zeynalov – Azerbaijan – Civil Yashar Hajiyev – Azerbaijan – Civil Artak Barseghyan – Armenia – Gov't Fedor Smirnov – Russia – Business Daniel Dimov – Bulgaria – Academic Aleksandar Icokaev – Macedonia – Academic Ali Almeshal – Bahrain – Civil Narayan Gangalaramsamy – Mauritius – Gov't Siaosi Sovaleni – Tonga – Gov't Liu Lei – China – Gov't Kashif Bhatti – Pakistan – Gov't Waqar Azeem – Pakistan – Academic Shahzeb Ali Khan – Pakistan – Civil Iftikhar Hussain Shah – Pakistan – Civil Deolindo Costa Boa Esperanca – Sao Tome´ and Principe – Gov't Beran Dondeh Gillen – Gambia – Civil Magaly Peres Pazello – Brazil – Civil Leon Felipe Sanchez Ambia – Mexico – Civil Maria Dolores Puy – Argentina – Academic Karen Paola Gamboa Araya – Costa Rica – End User Gary Campbell – Jamaica – Gov't

ICANN 43 in Costa Rica

Kashif Elahi Bhatti – Pakistan, Shahzeb Ali Khan – Pakistan, Bill Toman – Papua New Guinea, Stanley Osao – Papua New Guinea, Flavio Neves – Timor-Leste, Sinawong Sang – Cambodia, Maureen Moari Marama Hilyard – Cook Islands, Diana Almahasneh – Jordan, Hossam Hassan Nabil – Egypt, Kadian Davis – Jamaica, Alejandra Reynoso – Guatemala, Alejandro Martin Moscol Salinas – Peru, Esther Yolanda Lizana Puelles – Peru, Emir Sosa – Belize, Celia Lerman – Argentina, Fatima Cambronero – Argentina, Maria Gabriela Gijon – Argentina, Gabriela Szlak – Argentina, Saso Dimitrijoski – Macadonia, Andrii Paziuk – Ukraine, Grigori Saghyan – Armenia, Adela Elena Danciu - Romania, Tattugul Mambetalieva – Kyrgyzstan, Simon Balthazar – Tanzania, Aminata Sy – Senegal, Pascal Bekono - Cameroon, Moses Bagyendera - Uganda, Grace Githaiga – Kenya, Hago Dafalla – Sudan, Leo Maluwa – Malawi

ICANN 42 in Senegal

Aderonke Adeniyi – Nigeria – Gov't, Amrita Choudhury – India – Civil Society, Ayanna Samuels – Jamaica – Business, Bakary Njie – Gambia – Civil Society, Basima Zaidan – Jordan – Gov't/ccNSO, Biaou Sourakatou Ramanou – Benin – Academic, Celia Lerman – Argentina – Academic, George Sakyi – Ghana – User Group/gNSO, Eddy Kayihura – Rwanda – Academic, Jessica Calvo – Costa Rica – Gov't, Jean Marie Altema – Haiti – Civil Society, Patrick Anglin – Jamaica – Academic, Salieu Taal – Gambia – Civil Society, Saso Dimitrijoski – Macedonia – Academic/GAC pending, Sexton Motlhatlhec Segobaetso – Botswana – Civil Society, Victor Ndonnang – Cameroon – Civil Society/At-Large, Walusungu Gondwe – Malawi – Academic, Yashar Hajiyev – Azerbaijan – Civil Society/At-Large,

ICANN 41 in Singapore

Zmarialai Wafa – Afghanistan – Government, Sinawong Sang – Cambodia – Government, Baasansuren Burmaa – Mongolia – Business Sector, Kashif Elahi Bhatti – Pakistan – Government, Waqar Azeem – Pakistan – Academic, Andrew Molivurae – Vanuatu – Civil Society, Sivasubramanian Muthusamy – India – Civil Society, Amrita Choudhury – India – Civil Society, S. Paramanandan – India – Civil Society, Joy Moeangoha Abia – Solomon Islands – Business Sector, Sonny Zulhuda – Indonesia – Academic, Terry Ieli Rupeni – Fiji – Academic, Alejandra Reynoso Barral – Guatemala – Academic, Martinez Vanegas Victor Manuel – Mexico – Government (GAC representative), Fatima Cambronero – Argentina – Civil Society, Natalia Enciso Benítez – Paraguay – Civil Society, Gustavo Peña-Quiñones – Colombia – End User Group, Khoudia Gueye SY – Senegal – Academic, Kamukoko Chris Tshimanga – Congo – Civil Society (ccNSO), Yousef Sarairah – Jordan – Government, Valery Trufanau – Belarus – Civil Society, Sorina Teleanu – Romania – Government (GAC representative), Saso Dimitrijoski – Macedonia – Academic, Siranush Vardanyan – Armenia – User Group

ICANN 40 in Silicon Valley

Joseph Mandjolo Mush – DRC, Rommel Natividad – Marshall Islands, Richard Cheng – Hong Kong (Honorary fellow funded by DotAsia), Carlos Rodrigo Saucedo Linares – Bolivia, Naveed Ul-Haq – Pakistan, Shefqet Meda – Albania, Mohammad Thawabeh – Jordan, Mohammed Al-Dhaifi – Yemen, Jorge Patino – Bolivia, Behnam Esfahbod – Iran, Sivasubramanian Muthusamy – India, Michelle Qinyan – Hong Kong (Honorary fellow funded by DotAsia), Mercy Chipata – Malawi, Oksana Prykhodko – Ukraine, Wilson Abigaba – Uganda, Anupam Agrawal – India, Jennifer Anson – Palau, Lyndel McDonald – Jamaica, Lira Samykbaeva – Kyrgyz Republic, Jose Arce – Argentina, Amr Elsadr – Egypt, Nabeel Al-Fayoumi – Jordan, Zmarialai Wafa – Afghanistan, Fahd Batayneh – Jordan, Pastor Peters Omoragbon – Nigeria, Salieu Taal – The Gambia

ICANN 39 in Cartagena

Sorina Teleanu - Romania - Gov't, Fatima Cambronero - Argentina - Civil Society/ALAC, Siaosi Sovaleni - Fiji - Gov't, Mistura Aruna - Nigeria - Gov't, Yousef Sarairah - Jordan - Gov't, Jorge Raul Cabanas Acevedo - Paraguay - Academic/ASO Towela Jere - South Africa - Gov't Jose Arce - Argentina - Gov't/ALAC Tracy Hackshaw - Trinidad and Tobago - Gov't/GAC Antonio Moreiras - Brazil - User Group Jean Marie Altema - Haiti - Civil Society/ALAC Julian Alfonso Casabuenas Gallo - Columbia - Civil Society/ASO Maria Dolores Puy - Argentina - Academic/ALAC Esther Yolanda Lizana Puelles - Peru - Academic/ALAC Jacqueline Morris - Trinidad and Tobago - Civil Society/ALAC Beatriz Rodriguez - Uruguay - Academic Baasansuren Burmaa - Mongolia - Business Gabriela Szlak - Argentina - Business Gladys Maria Patricia Farina Larrosa - Paraguay - Civil Society Raquel Gatto - Brazil - Academic Maureen Hilyard - Cook Islands - Civil Society

ICANN 38 in Brussels

Rustam Yunusov – Uzbekistan – Gov't Yashar Hajiyev – Azerbaijan – Civil Society Alla Ulgu – Moldova – Gov't Adriatik Allamani – Albania – Gov't Shefquet Meda – Albania – Gov't Sorina Teleanu – Romania – Gov't Timur Hasanov – Tajikistan – Business Mohammed Al-Dhaifi – Yemen – Gov't Shaarawy AbdelBaky – Egypt – Civil Society Mahire Kar – Turkey – Gov't Mustafa Unver – Turkey – Gov't Gabriel Ndow – Gambia – Gov't Hago Dafalla – Sudan – Academic Zmarialai Wafa – Afghanistan – Gov't Dwi Simanungkalit – Indonesia – Gov't Jennifer Louise Anson – Palau – Gov't Victor Manuel Martinez Vanegas – Mexico – Gov't Jessica Calvo – Costa Rica – Academic Raquel Gatto – Brazil – Academic Carlos Rodrigo Saucedo Linares – Bolivia – Gov't Allison Albertha Jean – Saint Lucia – Gov't Blaise Arbouet – Haiti – Business Jean Marie Altema – Haiti – Business David Kinsaka Nduenga – Democratic Republic of Congo – Gov't

ICANN 37 in Nairobi

Mohab Altlaity – Egypt Berry Amol – Papua New Guinea Fouad Riaz Bajwa – Pakistan Maria Antonieta Chavarria Quesada – Costa Rica Amr Elsadr – Egypt Charles Gaye – Liberia Sarmad Hussain – Pakistan Annabel Sake Kangombe – Zambia Assa Simbara Mariko – Mali Guebre Moussa – Burkina Faso Abibu Rashid Ntahigiye – Tanzania Towela Nyirenda-Jere – South Africa Peters Omoragbon – Nigeria Pierre Claver Ntamushobora – Rwanda Nelly Stoyanova – Bulgaria Khoudia Gueye Sy – Senegal Alioune Badara Traoré – Mali Vitus Foli Aborogu – Ghana Moataz Shaarawy – Egypt Natalia Enciso Benítez – Paraguay

ICANN 36 in Seoul

Shaarawy Abdel-Baky – Egypt Abdisalan Abdi – Indonesia Eric Akumiah – Ghana Diana Almahasneh – Jordan Stanley Angus Osao – Papua New Guinea Blaise Arbouet – Haiti George Asare Sakyi – Ghana Yaovi Athoun – Ghana Fouad Riaz Bajwa – Pakistan Dalsie Green Baniala – Vanuatu Bhakta Bdr Bomjan – Bhutan Ibrohim Djuraev – Uzbekistan Amr Elsadr – Egypt Natalia Enciso Benítez – Paraguay Gerard Metsan – Vanuatu Yuanyuan Guan – China Tracy Hackshaw – Trinidad and Tobago Ivo Ivanovski – Macedonia Marina Kalashnikova – Kazakhstan Adam Juma Mambi – Tanzania Muhammad Aimal Marjan – Afghanistan Richard Misech – Palau Tepua Ngamata – Cook Islands Djalolatdin Rakhimov Imran Ahmed Shah – Pakistan Dwi Simanungkalit – Indonesia Naranchimeg Tumurbaatar – Mongolia Rasha Hameed – Iraq Nelly Stoyanova – Bulgaria Jolden Johnnyboy – Federated State of Micronesia

ICANN 35 in Sydney

Shefqet Meda – Albania Ruben Raul Diaz Silva – Ecuador Enkhbold Gombo – Mongolia Blaise Arbouet – Haiti Siranush Vardanyan – Armenia Hago Elteraifi Mohamed Dafalla – Sudan Richard Misech – Palau Karlene Collette Francis – Jamaica Vincent Ikovo Ngundi – Kenya Pokotoa Ikiua Lalotoa Sipeli – Niue Bayani Benjamin Lara – Phillippines Naveed Ul-Haq Royderitz James Tati – Solomon Islands Alioune Badara Traoré – Mali Dalsie Baniala – Vanuatu Ajit Sharma – Fiji Diana Al-Mahasneh – Jordan Jeremy Mark Whyte – Jamaica Scanland Pua Misiepo – Niue Laeimau Oketevi Tanuvasa – Samoa Mohammed Al-Dhaifi – Yemen Tracy Hackshaw – Trinidad and Tobago Sakaio Manoa – Tuvalu Rasha Hameed – Iraq Baudouin Schombe – Democratic Republic of Congo Nelly Stoyanova – Bulgaria Baasansuren Burmaa – Mongolia Charles Gaye – Liberia David Nduenga Kinsaki – Democratic Republic of Congo Adriatik Allamani – Albania Jorge Raul Cabana Acevedo – Paraguay Michel Stephane Bruno – Haiti

ICANN 34 in Mexico City

Monica Susanna Abalo Laforgia – Argentina Diana Almahasneh – Jordan Dina Barakat – Egypt Tatiana Chirev – Moldova Arnold Chetty – Seychelles Jose Dominguez – Dominican Republic Karlene Collette Francis – Jamaica Charles Gaye – Liberia Rayman Khan – Guyana Diana Lezama – Honduras Atef Loukil – Tunisa Mahawish Masud – Pakistan Scan Mitiepo – Niue Tepua Ngamata – Cook Islands Jorge Alejandro Patino Cordova – Bolivia Alicia Trinidad Paz Meza – Honduras Natalia Rosario Perez – Belize Maria Monica Solino Platero – Uruguay Denzil West – Montserrat

ICANN 33 in Cairo

Luis Arancibia – Chile Pensri Arunwatanamongkol – Thailand Mohamed Tijani Ben Jemaa – Tunisia Eduardo Botero – Columbia Arnold Chetty – Seychelles Albert Daniels – St. Lucia Ruben Raul Diaz Silva – Ecuador Yassin El Shazly – Egypt Juan Jose Gonzalez Mijares – Mexico Rasha Hameed – Iraq Naveed Ul-Haq – Pakistan Sarmad Hussain – Pakistan Rafael Ibarra – El Salvador David Kinsaka Nduenga – Democratic Republic of Congo Jean Philemon Kissangou – Democratic Republic of Congo Souleymane Oumtanaga – Cote d’Ivoire Ruth Puente – Uruguay Fuatai Purcell – Samoa Reza Salim – Bangladesh Baudouin Schombe – Democratic Republic of Congo Ajit Sharma – Fiji Aloyce Simon Menda – United Republic of Tanzania Mohammad Thawabeh – Jordan Ahmed Ali Ugas – Somalia Siranush Vardanyan – Armenia Jeremy Whyte – Jamaica Rustam Yunosov – Uzbekistan

ICANN 32 in Paris

Tatiana Chirev – Moldova Sokol Haxhiu – Albania Khalil Rakhmanov – Tajikistan Arnold Chetty – Seychelles Aouaouche El-Maouhab – Algeria Felix Ndayirukiye – Burundi Paulos Nyirenda – Malawi Dina Barakat – Egypt Fahd Batayneh – Jordan Michel Stephane Bruno – Haiti Jeremy Mark Whyte – Jamaica Clara Angela Collado Vilorio – Dominican Republic Edna Samudio – Panama Baasansuren Burmaa – Mongolia Pensri Arunwatanamongkol – Thailand

ICANN 31 in New Delhi

Stanley Osao Sarmad Hussein Margarita Valdes Nelly Stoyanova Eswari Prasad Sharma Rachida Fakhri Jouhari Siranush Vardanyan Sam Groundar Ashwin Nand Baasansuren Bolomaa Ajit Sharma Reza Salim Ghazwa Malhas Souleymane Oumtanaga Aboubacar Cisse Albert Daniels Mohammad Thawabeh Royderitz James

ICANN 30 in Los Angeles

Janice Douma Lange Jorge Raul Cabanas Acevedo Atef Loukil Jessica Calvo Edna Samudio Tatiana Chirev Gao Mosweu Harbert Tom Marvin Castaneda Khalil Rakhmanov Antonio Godinho Luis Roberto Furlan Collver Carthney Laukon Michel Stephane Bruno Abdoulaye Diakite Faig Farmanov Timur Hasanov Ahmed Al-Qaifi Alireza Saleh Haidar Fraihat Rayman Khan Vladimir Aleksic Denzil West David Main

ICANN 29 in San Juan

Bakurally Abdoos Samad - Republic of Mauritius Atef Loukil - Tunisia Gaongalelwe G. Mosweu - Botswana Jean Robert Hountomey - Togo Paulos Nyirenda - Malawi Albert Daniels - St. Lucia Andrew Mancey - Guyana Bevil Wooding - Trinidad and Tobago Charles Glasgow - Trinidad and Tobago Christian Chu Fook - Grenada Deirdre Williams - St. Lucia Denzil West - Montserrat Dwight Horsford - Grenada Jeremy Whyte - Jamaica Max Larson Henry - Haiti Rayman Khan - Guyana Rudolph Daniel - St. Vincent and the Grenadines Shivase Singh - Guyana Stéphane Bruno - Haiti Ronald Straker - Grenada Tatiana Chirev - Moldova Antonio Quirarte - Mexico Enrique Arrieta-Noguera - Colombia Leopoldo Brandt Graterol - Venezuela Olga Cavalli - Argentina Ricardo Vaz Monteiro - Brazil Rodrigo de la Parra - Mexico Virginia Paque - Venezuela Khalil Rakhmanov - Tajikistan Basanta Krishna Shrestha - Nepal Lynnold Misifea Wini - Solomon Islands Simon Greaves - Fiji Tapugao Falefou - Tuvalu

Country Code Names Supporting Organization. Develops and recommends to the Board global policies relating to country-code top-level domains (ICANN Bylaws).

Governmental Advisory Committee. Considers and provides advice on the activities of ICANN as they relate to concerns of governments, particularly matters where there may be an interaction between ICANN's policies and various laws and international agreements or where they may affect public policy issues (ICANN Bylaws).

At-Large Advisory Committee. Considers and provides advice on the activities of ICANN related to the interests of individual Internet users (ICANN Bylaws). Not to be confused with the Non-Commercial Stakeholder Group.

Address Supporting Organization. Advises the Board with respect to policy issues relating to the operation, assignment, and management of Internet addresses (ICANN Bylaws).